1317

Это означает, что она едет именно сейчас, в момент разговора. Это и есть настоящее продолженное время глагола.

Present Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и добавления к смысловому глаголу окончания -ing:

1) Мы используем Present Continuous, когда говорим о действии, которое происходит в момент речи, например:

Please don’t make so much noise, I’m studying. (not "I study")

– "Where’s Margaret?" – "She’s having a bath" (not "she has")

2) Мы также используем Present Continuous, описывая действие, которое происходит сейчас, но не в момент разговора, т.е. действие началось, но не закончилось. Оно как бы находится в прогрессе, именно поэтому его иногда называют Present Progressive, например:

I’m reading an interesting book at the moment. (не обязательно сейчас, главное, что начал и не закончил читать)

Now I’m studying English. (то же самое)

3) Present Continuous часто используется с каким-то периодом времени, в который входит настоящее, например: (сегодня, в этом месяце, в этом году):

Tom isn’t playing football this season. You’re working hard today.

4) Present Continuous используется, чтобы выразить изменяющуюся ситуацию, например:

The population of the world is rising very fast. (not "rises")

Is your English getting better? (not "does ....get")

Exercise 5. Составьте предложения в Present Continuous.

1.Look! A man ___ in the lake. (swim)

2.Hurry up! The bus ___. (come)

3.Greg's in the kitchen. He ___ the dinner. (cook)

4.Look at Sue! What a beautiful dress she ___ today! (wear)

5.Sue and Joe ___ a cake for tea. (make)

6."Be careful! You ___ on the broken chair." (sit)

7.The weather is awful. It ___. (rain)

8.You ___ too fast. (walk)

Exercise 6. Напишите предложения в Present Continuous. Составьте утвердительные и отрицательные предложения.

Example: I / have lunch. – I'm (not) having lunch at the moment.

1.It / snow heavily.

2.I / listen to the music.

3.I / look/at my watch.

4.The sun / shine.

5.We / take exercises.

6.My classmates / sit on the sofa.

7.My friends and me / study at the moment.

Exercise 7. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Simple или Present Continuous. Переведите предложения.

1. He’s in the bathroom. I (to think) he (to wash) his hair. 2. – Can I speak to your parents, please? – I’m sorry. They (to have) lunch at the moment. 3. I usually (to cook) meals, and my brother (to wash) dishes. 4. Mr. Anderson (to be) an English tourist who (to travel) to Eastern Europe tomorrow. Just now he (to have) breakfast at home. After breakfast he (to go out) to do a lot of things. 5. She’s a school teacher. She (to teach) maths. 6. I (to wear) glasses only for reading and watching TV. 7. On Sundays they (to have) dinner at a restaurant. 8. Oh, I (to go) to work as a nurse in Africa, in Kenya, and I (to look) forward to it because it’s such an exotic country for me. 9. Some students are outside. They (to try) to get in.

10. The weather (to be) terrible today. 11. You can’t miss him. He (to wear) a white jacket, and he (to carry) a striped umbrella. 12. We (to wear) woolen clothes in winter. 13. We (to organise) a holiday walking tour in the North of Scotland. We (to go) to cover 150 miles of mountainous country in ten days. It (to go) to be a hard work. We (to go) to be wet, cold and tired a lot of the time. But it (to go) to be fun! 14. It (to rain) again.

Exercise 8. Напишите глаголы в Present Continuous или Present Simple.

1. The swimming pool (close) at 18.30 in the evening. 2. We (visit) some friends in Scotland next week. 3. Ann and Pete (not go) away for their holidays next month because they haven't got enough money. 4. George (get) married next week. 5. Tonight's concert (begin) at 7 o'clock and it (not end) until 11 o'clock. 6. I (meet) John at 3 o'clock. 7. What time ___ the tennis

___ tomorrow evening? (open)

Exercise 9. Поставьте глаголы в нужную временную форму.

1.The car isn't here today because Sheila (use) it. She generally (use) the bus, but the drivers are on strike.

2.I (stay) with my parents at the moment, though I (have) my own flat.

3.They usually (work) at the weekends, but they (not work) at the moment.

4.The Moon (go) round the Earth.

5.I hear Bob's got a new job. How ___ he ___ (get) on?

6.Leave me alone! I (try) to concentrate.

7.Robert is a vegetarian. He (not eat) meat.

Exercise 10. Напишите вопросы в Present Simple или Present Progressive.

1.The President and his wife live in Madrid. Where….

2.Peter and Ann's children play football on Saturdays. When … .

3.The film about skiing in New Zealand starts at 8.00. What time … .

4.The second word in the first sentence means 'kind'. What … .

5.The man in the flat downstairs wants to change his job. Why … .

6.Bill's writing something on the wall. I can't see. What … .

7.The train's stopping! Why… .

8.They're eating now. What … .

9.They're playing a game. What game … .

10.I'm going now. Goodbye. Wait! Where … .

Past Simple (I did)

Рассмотрите следующую ситуацию:

Tom: "Look! It's raining again."

Ann: "Oh no, not again. It rained all day yesterday too."

Rained – это Past Simple (прошедшее простое время). Мы его используем, когда речь идет о действии или ситуации в прошлом. Вот ещё несколько примеров:

I enjoyed the party very much.

Mr. Edwards died ten years ago.

When I lived in Manchester, I worked in a bank.

Очень часто в прошедшем простом времени мы добавляем к глаголу окончание -ed:

We invited them to our party but they decided not to come.

The police stopped me on my way home last night.

She passed her examination because she studied very hard.

К сожалению, многие глаголы английского языка называются неправильными и образуют прошедшее простое время как им заблагорассудится. Наиболее употребительные глаголы представлены в табл. 2.

Таблица 2

Основные формы неправильных глаголов

Для образования вопросов и отрицаний в Past Simple мы используем did / didn't + инфинитив (самая простая форма глагола, как в словаре), например:

–Ann: "Did you go out last night, Tom?"

–Tom: "Yes, I went to the cinema. But I didn't enjoy the film."

–When did Mr. Edwards die?

–What did you do at the week-end?

–We didn't invite her to the party, so she didn't come.

–Why didn't you phone me on Tuesday?

Exercise 11. Поставьте данные глаголы в Past Indefinite. Заполните предложения нужными по смыслу глаголами.

Drink, swim, read, write, draw, begin, think, know, speak, stand, sit.

1.Yesterday I … a letter to my friend Jane.

2.He … a cup of tea and … to work.

3.Mike … that I was ill.

4.Last year I … English very well.

5.Mike … up from the floor and Pete … down on it.

6.It was very hot in summer. Every day I … in the river.

7.He … this book and … many new things.

8.I … this picture last Sunday. Do you like it?

Exercise 12. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present или Past Indefinite. Выполните перевод.

1. Did you go to the park yesterday? No. We stayed at home because it (begin) to rain. 2. Mary never (help) her mother. 3. You always (do) your homework at night. 4. When I (be) a little child my elder brother taught me to swim. 5. Sam (come) home early last time. 6. The days (become) longer and the nights (become) shorter in summer. 7. My mum (give) me some money every week. 8. I know Sam Brown. I (meet) him at a party a month ago. 9. They (move) to our city in 2008. 10. The water (boil) at 100 Degree.

Exercise 13. Заполните пропуски глаголами do, did, are, have. Выполните перевод.

1. I _____ not see Andrew yesterday. 2. How long _____ you lived there? 3. Why _____ you learning English? 4. _____

you seen anybody today? 5. What _____ you think of your new teacher? To my mind she is very nice. 6. _____ you angry about what happened? 7. _____ you read a newspaper yesterday? 8. My mother knows Mrs. Dave better than I _____. 9. They

_____ a lot of crying last night. 10. You _____ always making mistakes.

Exercise 14. Напишите данные глаголы в Past Simple:

Exercise 15. Напишите недостающие формы глаголов.

Exercise 16. Составьте отрицательные предложения в Past Simple, пользуясь словами в скобках.

1.We spoke Spanish together. (Arabic)............................

2.My uncle taught mathematics. (science).......................

3.Bill cooked the potatoes. (the fish)...............................

4.I took my mother to the mountains. (my father) …………

5.We told our parents everything. (the police)..................

6.I wrote to my sister. (my brother)..................................

7.I liked the party. (the music).........................................

8.We knew her address. (phone number)..........................

Exercise 17. Напишите предложения в Present или Past Simple.

1. My sister (to get) up at eight o'clock. 2. She (to be) a schoolgirl. She (to go) to school in the afternoon. 3. Jane (to be) fond of sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. 4. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of

tea. 5. After breakfast she (to go) to school. 6. It (to take) him two hours to do his homework. 7. She (to speak) French well. 8. My working day (to begin) at seven o'clock. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes.

Past Continuous

Рассмотрите такую ситуацию:

Yesterday Tom and Jim played tennis. They began at 10 o'clock and finished at 11 o'clock.

–What were they doing at 10.30?

–They were playing tennis (at 10.30).

They were playing означает, что они находились где-то посередине игры. Они начали, но не закончили. Это и есть

Past Continuous (прошедшее продолженное) время. Иногда его ещё называют Past Progressive (прошедшее прогрессивное), т.е. показывается, что действие продолжается, находится в прогрессе.

Образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в прошедшем времени и добавлением -ing к основе смыслового глагола:

Вот ещё несколько примеров:

–This time last year I was living in Brazil.

–What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?

Past Continuous не показывает, нам закончено действие или нет. Возможно, закончилось, возможно, нет, нас это не интересует.

Сравните:

–Tom was cooking dinner. (Past Continuous) = Том был в процессе приготовления обеда, и мы не знаем, закончил он или нет.

–Tom cooked dinner. (Past Simple) = Он начал и закончил готовить.

Мы часто используем Past Continuous и Past Simple вместе, когда нам нужно показать, что какое-то действие происходит во время другого действия:

–Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking dinner.

–I saw Jim in the park. He was sitting on the grass and reading a book.

–It was raining when I got up this morning.

–While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.

Однако используем только Past Simple, когда события идут одно за другим:

–Yesterday evening Tom was having a bath when the phone rang. He got out of the bath and answered the phone.

Сравните:

–When Tom arrived, we were having dinner. (Past Continuous) = Мы уже начали обедать, когда Том пришел.

–When Tom arrived, we had dinner. (Past Simple) = Том пришел, а затем мы начали обедать.

Внимание! Помните, что некоторые глаголы в Continuous вообще не употребляются:

1) verbs of feeling: like, dislike, hate, love, prefer, want, wish:

I like this music. (not I'm liking ...)

Do you want to go now? (not Are you wanting ...?)

2) sense verbs: see, look, smell, taste, feel:

This spaghetti tastes delicious. (not This spaghetti is tasting...)

3) other verbs: have (== process), own, belong to, owe, hear, include, cost, contain, weigh, sound, be, seem, need:

I weigh 50 kilos. (not I'm weighing ...) I'm a manager. (not I'm being ...)

Exercise 18. Выберите нужную форму глагола в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. While Tom (cooked / was cooking) dinner, the phone (was ringing / rang). 2. George (fell / was falling) off the

ladder while he (painted / was painting) the ceiling. 3. Last night I (read / was reading) in bed when suddenly I (was hearing / heard) a scream. 4. (Did you watch / Were you watching) television when I phoned you? 5. Ann (waited / was waiting) for me when I (was arriving / arrived). 6. I (didn’t drive / wasn’t driving) very fast when the accident (was happening / happened). 7. I (broke / was breaking) a plate last night. I (was doing / did) the washing-up when it (slipped / was slipping) out of my hand. 8. I fell asleep when I (watched / was watching) television.

Exercise 19. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous. Сделайте перевод.

1.They (to wait) for the bus when the accident (to happen).

2.Caroline (to ski) when she (to brake) her leg.

3.When we (to arrive) he (to have) a bath.

4.When the fire (to start) I (to watch) television.

5.While we (to write) the dictation, someone (to brake) the window.

6.I (to have) my breakfast when the light (to go off).

Exercise 20. Выберите правильную форму выделенных глаголов. Прочтите и переведите диалог по ролям.

Adam: Hello, Mike. What (are you doing / do you do) in this part of

London?

Mike: Well, actually, (I am looking / I look) at flats round here.

Adam: Flats? (Are you wanting / Do you want) to move?

Mike: Yes, in fact, believe it or not, Mandy and I (are getting / get) married.

Adam: That's great! Congratulations. When (were you deciding / did you decide)?

Mike: Last week. It was while we (were staying / stayed) with her

–"What would you like to drink?" – "I'll have a lemonade, please."

–"Did you phone Ann?" – "No, I forgot. I'll do it now."

–I'm too tired to walk home. I think I'll get a taxi.

Мы не можем использовать настоящее простое в таких предложениях: I'll go and shut it. (not I go and shut it)

Мы также не используем will, когда речь идет о чем-то запланированном: I can't meet you tomorrow because my

–I think I'll stay at home this evening.

–I don't think I'll go out tonight. I'm too tired.

Мы часто используем will в следующих ситуациях:

1)когда предлагаем что-либо сделать:

–That bag looks heavy. I'll help you with it. (not I help)

–"I need some money." – "Don't worry. I'll lend you some."

2)когда соглашаемся или отказываемся что-нибудь делать:

–"You know that book I lent you? Can I have it back?" – "Of course, I'll bring it back this afternoon." (not I bring)

–The car won't start. (=the car "refuses" to start)

3)когда обещаем сделать что-нибудь:

–Thank you for lending me the money. I'll pay you back on Friday. (not I pay)

–I won't tell Tom what you said. I promise.

–I promise I'll phone you as soon as I arrive.

–I shan't (I won't) be here tomorrow.

Изаметьте, что мы используем shall, а не will в вопросах: shall I....? или shall we.......? для обозначения вежливых просьб и предложений (с he, she, it, you, they мы используем will):

–Shall I open the window? (= Do you want me to open the window?)

–I’ve got no money. What shall I do? (= What do you suggest I do?)

–Where shall we go this evening?

Отрицательная форма образуется с помощью not после shall / will = shan’t / won’t.

Внимание! Мы часто говорим о будущем, но не имеем в виду какие-то планы или намерения. В таких случаях используем will ('ll):

–"I’m very worried about my examination next week."

–"Don’t worry, Tom, you'll pass."

When you return home, you'll notice a lot of changes.

This time next year I'll be in Japan. Where will you be?