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Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в форму Participle I или Participle II.

Exercise 4. Выберите между Participle I и Participle II.

1. I must have the mixer (fixing / fixed). 2. I don’t find this story (amusing / amused). 3. My room is a mess. I really must get it (tidying / tidied) up. 4. I would stay at home after such a (tiring / tired) day. 5. Uncle Frank has a gentle old horse

(naming / named) Pete on his farm. 6. Can you smell something (burning / burned)? 7. He opened the letter with (shaking / shaken) fingers. 8. She had rather a (pleasing / pleased) look on her face. 9. Deeply (shocking / shocked) I left them. 10. When

(answering / answered) your question yesterday I forgot this fact. 11. He walked along the road with his collar (turning / turned) up, hands in pockets. 12. I didn’t enjoy the party because I was (boring / bored) there. 13. Why not throw away the

(breaking / broken) umbrella we are not likely to repair it. 14. She didn’t pay any attention to the (ringing / rung) telephone. 15. Don’t you think your hair needs (cutting / cut)? 16. Can you think of the name of an animal (beginning / begun) with “B”?

Exercise 5. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите форму и функцию причастий.

1. Smiling girls are nice. 2. Bought in a good shop, the jacket was nice. 3. Being in the room, I could listen to the discussion. 4. We could see a broken cup on the table. 5. If corrected the information may be of some interest. 6. The girl sitting at the table is my cousin. 7. Taking part in the competition, I shall be able to win the prize. 8. I like boiled potatoes. 9. They had conflicting reports. 10. Playing football, I broke my leg.

Exercise 6. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите форму и функцию причастий.

1. The work will be good, if done properly. 2. I made acquaintance with her dancing in the hall. 3. We saw a house built two hundred years ago. 4. All the students taking part in the competition were from our academy. 5. A present is dearer if given in time. 6. Going along the street, I met my friend. 7. I like the dancing girl. 8. The book bought for me by my friend was not interesting. 9. Doing the work, I got tired. 10. The invited boys were too noisy.

Exercise 7. Перестройте предложения согласно образцу. Выполните перевод.

Example: I finished the dusting, and then I sat down and listened to some music. – Having finished the dusting, I sat down and listened to some music.

1. I did all the homework, and then I went out for a walk with my friends. 2. Joan locked all the doors, and then she went to bed. 3. He had a shower, and then he had a light breakfast. 4. My father broke all this bad news, and then he sank down to his chair and put his face on his arms. 5. She made a decision to break off with Greg, and then she felt better. 6. They passed all their exams, and then they arranged a party.

Exercise 8. Перестройте предложения согласно образцу.

Example: I felt ill at ease because I didn't know the answer.

–Not knowing the answer, I felt ill at ease.

1.I returned the book to the library because I had finished it. 2. Because he was a language student, he was naturally interested in linguistics. 3. As I don't like classical music, I didn't go to the concert. 4. Because he is a child of a very prominent businessman, he is too arrogant and selfish. 5. Because they had gone to bed so late the night before, they felt quite tired the next day. 6. As he knew that he wouldn't be able to buy food on his journey, he took large supplies with him.

Exercise 9. Эта история содержит причастия и причастные обороты. Поставьте глаголы в Present Participle или

Perfect Participle.

Example: (lock) the garage, he went into the house, (turn) on the lights as he opened the door. – Having locked the garage, he went into the house, turning on the lights as he opened the door.

1 (eat) a good breakfast, Mr. Black left the house, 2 (say) good-bye to his wife and 3 (remind) her that he would come home late. 4 (walk) along the road, he ran into his neighbour, Mr. Lloyds, also 5 (go) to the station. 6 (greet) him in a friendly fashion, Mr. Black remarked that the weather was marvellous, but Mr. Lloyds, 7 (not sleep) well and 8 (feel) bad-tempered, answered angrily that it was too hot. Mr. Black 9 (enjoy) his energetic walk and 10 (be) in a merry mood, suggested that his companion should take off his warm overcoat. 11 (frown), Mr. Lloyds replied that, 12 (put) on his overcoat and 13 (fear) that it would rain by evening, he preferred wearing it to carrying it. 14 (consider) himself offended, Mr. Black continued his walk in silence, 15 (observe) to himself that what Mr. Lloyds needed was a good breakfast.

Exercise 10. Перестройте предложения, используя причастный оборот. Обратите внимание на одновременность действий или их несовпадение.

Examples: a) Jane woke up. She was feeling terrible. –

Jane woke up feeling terrible.

b) I finished the dusting, and then I sat down and listened to some music. – Having finished the dusting, I sat down and listened to some music.

1. I did all the homework, and then I went out for a walk with my friends. 2. Mark arrived at the examination hall. He was feeling very nervous. 3. She sat at her desk. She was trying to finish her essay for Professor Adams. 4. Joan locked all the doors, and then she went to bed. 5. He had a shower, and then he had a light breakfast. 6. Julia relaxed. She was reading the morning paper. 7. They walked down the street. They were talking. 8. The man drove along. He was listening to his car radio. 9. He sat back in the armchair. He was smoking a cigarette.

UNIT 17

Герундий

Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, обладающая признаками, как глагола, так и существительного.

Подобной формы в русском языке нет.

Как и глагол, герундий имеет формы времени и залога (см. табл. 11). Он может определяться наречием.

Как и существительное, герундий может выполнять в предложении функцию подлежащего, дополнения и определяться притяжательным или указательным местоимением. В сочетании с предлогом of герундий может выполнять функцию определения.

Таблица 11

Как видно из табл. 11, формы герундия совпадают с формами причастия настоящего времени и перфектного причастия. Indefinite Gerund выражает действие, одновременное с действием глагола-сказуемого:

He was fond of reading when he was a child.

He went out without saying a word.

I couldn’t help laughing when I saw her in that strange dress.

После глаголов to remember, to forget, to excuse, to forgive, to thank, а также с предлогами after on (upon)

неопределенный герундий имеет значение Perfect Gerund. Перфектный герундий выражает действие, которое предшествует действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым:

(намереваться), to propose, to regret, to remember, to start, to try, to dislike, to prefer, в качестве дополнения может употребляться как герундий, так и инфинитив.

We intend going to Moscow in summer. =

We intend to go to Moscow in summer.

I like swimming. – Я люблю плавать (вообще).

I wouldn’t like to swim in this cold lake. – Не хотелось бы мне плавать в этом холодном озере (конкретный случай).

После таких глаголов, как to avoid, to need, to mind (в значении возражать), to remember, to require, в качестве дополнения употребляется только герундий:

I remember going to the British Museum one day to read up the treatment for some slight ailment... – Помню, как однажды я

ходил в Британский музей, чтобы изучить способ лечения какого-то легкого недомогания...

Глаголы to stop, to forget в зависимости от того, следует за ним герундий или инфинитив, имеют разные значения:

После составных предлогов because of, on account of, thanks to, due to, owing to, instead of, in spite of, for the purpose of, with a view of, of (no) use употребляется только герундий.

Герундий и причастие настоящего времени

Сходство герундия и причастия настоящего времени состоит в том, что они образуются одинаково, т. е. путем прибавления к основе инфинитива суффикса -ing, и имеют признаки глагола.

Герундий и причастие настоящего времени могут определяться наречием и употребляются в предложении в функции обстоятельств. Вне контекста бывает трудно определить, чем является неличная форма глагола,

оканчивающаяся на -ing: причастием или герундием. Вместе с тем герундий и причастие – это разные неличные формы глагола, отличающиеся одна от другой и по своему значению, и по функциям, выполняемым ими в предложении. Герундий имеет признаки глагола и существительного, в то время как причастие имеет признаки глагола и прилагательного / наречия.

Различие между герундием и причастием

Герундий

1) употребляется в функции подлежащего, именной части сказуемого, дополнения:

3) в функции обстоятельства употребляется с предлогом:

Before carrying out the operation Прежде чем выполнять операцию, one should study all the instructions. нужно изучить все указания.

Причастие

1)не употребляется в функции подлежащего, именной части сказуемого, не может быть дополнением;

2)в функции определения употребляется без предлога:

Герундий и отглагольное существительное

Отглагольное существительное образуется путем прибавления к основе инфинитива суффикса -ing, т.е. по форме отглагольное существительное совпадает с герундием:

to begin (начинать) – beginning (начало);

to open (открывать) – opening (открытие, отверстие).

Однако отглагольное существительное и герундий – это две разные части речи, имеющие разные значения и выполняющие разные функции в предложении.

Отглагольное существительное имеет все свойства существительного и на русский язык переводится чаще всего существительным, герундий же имеет только некоторые свойства существительного. Их отличия представлены в табл. 12.

Таблица 12

Различия между герундием и отглагольным существительным

Exercise 1. Перестройте предложения по образцу. Переведите их.

Example: It takes a long time to learn a foreign language. –

Learning a foreign language takes a long time.

1.It takes time to adjust to new surroundings.

2.It's forbidden to walk on the grass.

3.It's not very pleasant to be in hospital.

4.It can be dangerous to lie in the sun at midday.

5.It costs a lot of money to run a car.

6.To know how to drive is useful.

Exercise 2. Закончите предложения, образуя нужную форму герундия от глаголов в скобках.

Example: Our aim is mastering (master) English.

1. Her job is (design) men's clothes. 2. My uncle's hobby is (collect) ancient coins. 3. I think the most tiring occupation is (look) after your neighbour's children. 4. Tom's favourite pastime is (watch) TV. 5. Ned Swanson is an outdoors man. His favourite activities are (hunt) and (fish). 6. Jenkinson was a retired colonel whose chief occupation was (garden). 7. Our manager doesn't allow (smoke) in his office.

Exercise 3. Перестройте предложения, используя герундий от глаголов в скобках.

Examples: Avoid making (make) the same mistake again.

He narrowly escaped being run (run) over.

1.Hurry up! We mustn't risk (miss) the train.

2.Do you enjoy (study)?

3.Would you mind (lock) the door?

4.Has he finished (clean) the car?

5.You mustn't miss (see) such an interesting exhibition.

6.I want to postpone (get) married until next year.

7.Does her job really involve (meet) so many people?

8.I wish you wouldn't keep (interrupt).

9.Susan denied (hit) by her husband.

Exercise 4. Используйте глаголы в скобках в правильной форме и с нужным предлогом. Выполните перевод.

Example: I thanked her for inviting (invite) me for lunch. –

Япоблагодарил ее за приглашение на обед.

1.You can't prevent him (spend) his own money. 2. The cold water didn't stop her (have) a swim. 3. Forgive me (interrupt) you but I must ask you a question. 4. Jim congratulated me (pass) my exams. 5. I warned James (stay) at the hotel near the airport. 6. The teacher accused the boy (pay) little attention to what she had said. 7. Lesley's rather anxious (see) the doctor next week – she thinks it might be something serious. 8. I'm tired (see) the same old faces every day – I need a change!

9. Doctor Green is famous (forget) people's names – I'm surprised he can remember his own! 10. She's fond (ski). 11. I was accustomed (be) the only child at a table full of adults. 12. I'm fed up (read) how women should dress to please men.

Exercise 5. Используйте глаголы в скобках в правильной форме. Дайте 2 варианта, где это возможно.

Example: She continued talking / to talk (talk) all through the film.

1.She never ceased (complain) about prices.

2.I am beginning (realize) why he acted as he did.

3.We intended (go) to the theatre but we were both ill.

4.Joan has just begun (cook) the dinner.

5.The orchestra is starting (play).

6.I intend (see) him tomorrow.

7.I didn't insist (answer).

8.Where would you recommend me (go) for my holiday?

9.Tom's parents have always encouraged him (study) hard.

Exercise 6. Составьте предложения, используя а) притяжательное местоимение + герундий и б) личное местоимение в объектном падеже + герундий. Сделайте перевод.

Example: Do you mind (I / ask) you a question? –

Do you mind my asking you a question?

Do you mind me asking you a question?

1.They insisted on (we / stay) for dinner with them.

2.Sarah’s parents don’t like (she / go) to bed late.

3.I don’t mind (you / borrow) my car.

4.His parents didn’t approve of (he / stay) out so late.

5.Do you fancy (he / wear) long hair?

6.There’s no point in (you / stay) here any longer.

7.The new job will involve (they / work) overtime.

Exercise 7. Заполните пропуски предлогами.

1. The girls insisted ___ going out with Jenny. 2. I am looking forward ___ getting married soon. 3. She concentrated

___creating the designs and her husband on printing and merchandising them. 4. The stranger apologized ___ calling late in the evening. 5. It was cool out and Mary felt ___ staying at home. 6. She often complains ___ having nightmares. 7. On a hot summer day, who doesn’t think ___ spending the afternoon with a fishing pole? 8. He was afraid ___ being caught by the police. 9. How many years does it take to be good ___ playing guitar? 10. Have you ever dreamed ___ starting your own business?

Exercise 8. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. She has always dreamt of living in a small house by the sea. 2. She disliked living in her old house. 3. She was thinking of buying a new one. 4. Now, she enjoys living in a beautiful new house. 5. She misses seeing the neighbours, of course. 6. She enjoyed talking to them and didn't mind helping them usually. 7. She likes cooking and is very good at it. 8. But she doesn't like washing and ironing. 9. She hates getting up early, but she has to. 10. She doesn't mind working a lot, you know.

Exercise 9. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. She enjoys driving an expensive car. 2. She has always dreamt of travelling round the world. 3. But she hates flying and she's never been overseas. 4. She has risen to be head of the company in spite of being a woman in a man's world. 5. She loves meeting people because she can't bear being alone. 6. She loves talking to the press and appearing on TV shows. 7. She enjoys