1317

6."I must go home to make the dinner," she said.

7."I see Liz quite often," he said.

8."I've been with the company for most of my life," she said.

Exercise 2. Составьте косвенный вопрос.

Example: Where is Richard? (I want to know …) – I want to know where

Richard is.

1. Where can I buy some clothes? (I want to know …) 2. "Would you like to see my holiday photographs?" she asked. 3. What time is it? (I would like to know …) 4. How much sugar do you put in your tea? (Nelly asks Mary …) 5. "Would you like another piece of cake?" my mother asked Mrs Black. 6. Where did I put my scarf yesterday? (I do not remember …) 7. What does that mean? (I would like to know …) 8. "Would you like to stay with us?" Mrs Steadman asked me. 9. "Will you come to my party on Saturday?" James was interested.

Exercise 3. Перестройте предложения в косвенную речь. Начинайте каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках (работа в группах по два/три).

Example: – “I am going to the theatre with my boyfriend”. (She says)

–What does she say?

–She says she is going to the theatre with her boyfriend.

1.“We are going to the cinema with our group-mates.” (They say)

2.“I will be ready in a few minutes.” (Ann says)

3.“My friend has not finished her homework yet.” (Bobby tells me)

4.“I have written letters to several of my cousins.” (She tells me)

5.“I have seen this film.” (Mary says)

6."Finish the job tonight, please." (The boss told me)

7."Don't use the telephone after eleven o'clock." (The landlord told us)

8."Don't spend too much money on your holiday." (Jack told his wife)

9."Run!" (The general ordered the soldiers)

10."Don't touch that switch." (The electrician warned us)

Exercise 4. Перепишите предложения в косвенной речи.

Example: We may travel abroad. – What did they say? – They said … –

They said (that) they might travel abroad.

1.I may not retire. – What did he say? – He said …

2.It will rain tomorrow. – What did she tell you? – She told me …

3.The children can come with us. – What did he say? – He said …

4.Mary may be right. – What does she tell you? – She tells me …

5.We will come late tomorrow. – What did they tell you? – They told me...

Exercise 5. Составьте косвенные вопросы согласно примеру:

Example: “Shall I invite your girlfriend to the party?” my sister asked. – My sister asked if / whether she should invite my girlfriend to the party. My sister wanted to know whether to invite my girlfriend to the party.

1.“Shall I heat the food for you?” my mother asked.

2.“Shall I leave a message for him?” the secretary was interested.

3.“Shall I make you some coffee?” he asked.

4.“Shall I drive you home?” Sally's husband wanted to know.

5.“Shall we help you with the exam?” my group-mates wondered.

6.“Shall he apologize for his being late?” inquired our monitor.

Exercise 6. Переведите предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.

1.“Don’t close the window!” says Jack.

2.Mary said to the waiter: “Please, give me the bill”.

3.“Eat more vegetables,” said the doctor.

4.“Can you open your mouth,” said the doctor.

5.“Leave the territory,” ordered the officer.

Exercise 7. Употребите глагол to say или to tell в нужном времени. Сделайте перевод.

1.Peter … that he understood my explanation.

2.Nick … Sam that he had seen Mary.

3.Pam … her mother that she had torn her new dress.

4.She … that she had to visit her old school-friend.

5.Please … me about the book which you borrowed yesterday.

Exercise 8. Перестройте разделительные вопросы в косвенную речь.

1."They’re on holiday, aren’t they?" He didn't know ___.

2."You’ll manage, won’t you?" He asked ___.

3."I’ve lost a lot of weight, haven’t I?" Kelly was interested ___.

4."We can’t go tomorrow, can we?" They wanted to know ___.

5."Someone broke that vase, didn't they?" Mrs Smith asked ___.

6."Ron had already opened the letter, hadn’t he?" Jim wondered ___.

Exercise 9. Трансформируйте предложения в косвенную речь.

1.“I really will phone in the evening”, he said.

2.“Where have I left my money?” he wondered.

3.“Do you like the film?” she asked.

4.“I went to the seaside”, the boy tells me.

5.“The Sun is bigger than the Earth”, the teacher says.

6.“What is your favourite book?” my friend interested.

7.“They will do it”, he promised me.

8.“Do you like green tea?” she asked.

Exercise 10. Переcтройте предложения в прямую речь.

1. Her parents asked her why she did not go out. 2. I told the waiter to bring caviar. 3. The owner inquired whether he might seat two men at their table. 4. Nina asked if I’d watch her two children all day while she went off to shop in the city. 5. His mother told him that Ann had seen him at the party and had fallen in love with him. 6. Our professor said that in Britain the most important for everyday business were the clearing banks, often called High Street banks. 7. He added that the biggest were the National Westminster, Barclay, Lloyd’s and the Midland.

UNIT 15

Инфинитив

Инфинитив – это неличная форма глагола, которая выражает действие, но без указания на число, лицо,

наклонение.

В русском языке инфинитиву соответствует неопределенная форма глагола. Инфинитив имеет признаки существительного и глагола.

Как и существительное, инфинитив может выполнять в предложениях те же функции, что и существительное, т.е.

функцию подлежащего, дополнения, обстоятельства, именной части составного именного сказуемого:

Как и глагол, инфинитив имеет формы времени и залога (см. табл. 9.). Он может определяться наречием, а в предложении инфинитив может входить в состав сказуемого (простого, составного глагольного или составного именного, являясь его смысловой частью):

Our observatory could still be used for training purposes, but the research had to move into the space. – Нашу обсерваторию (все) еще можно было использовать для тренировочных целей, но исследование нужно было выносить в открытое пространство.

Таблица 9

Формы инфинитива

Не wanted to get there early, but he failed. – Он хотел рано попасть туда, но это ему не удалось.

Формальным признаком инфинитива является частица to. Однако частица to перед инфинитивом в некоторых случаях опускается.

Чаще всего инфинитив употребляется без частицы to в следующих случаях:

1. После модальных глаголов:

Не саn speak English. – Он умеет говорить по-английски.

2. В обороте «Сложное дополнение» после глаголов to let, to make, to feel, to hear, to see, to notice, to watch:

I'll make him tell me the truth. – Я заставлю его сказать мне правду.

3. Если в предложении стоят два инфинитива, соединенные союзом and или or, частица to обычно опускается перед вторым из них:

Не promised to telephone or write. –

Он обещал позвонить по телефону или написать.

Функции инфинитива в предложении

Инфинитив в предложении может употребляться в следующих функциях: 1) подлежащего: То see means to believe. –

Увидеть – значит поверить.

2) части сказуемого: То know everything is to know nothing. –

Знать все – значит, ничего не знать.

Здесь инфинитив – именная часть сказуемого.

3)прямого дополнения: I asked him to give me the magazine. –

Япопросил его дать мне журнал.

4)определения (часто в функции определения инфинитив переводится на русский язык определительным придаточным предложением):

Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet. –

У природы много секретов, которые еще предстоит раскрыть.

5) обстоятельства:

His mind was too much upset to put the same thoughts in another words. – Он был слишком расстроен, чтобы изложить те же самые мысли другими словами.

Exercise 1. Заполните пропуски инфинитивами данных глаголов.

Example: She can't afford to go on holiday abroad this year.

You promised not to tell anyone.

1.Mr Jones is getting old. He tends ___ things.

2.I pretended ___ Linda when I passed her in the street.

3.The beautiful stranger refused ___ Bob her name.

4.She decided ___ at home last night.

5.Prices tend ___.

6.I was rather hard up so my parents agreed ___ me some money.

7.We arranged ___ at 7 o'clock. And Mike promised ___ late.

8.Mary was so angry that she demanded ___ the manager.

Exercise 2. Соедините пары предложений, используя инфинитив. Выполните перевод.

Example: She crossed the road. I saw her. – I saw her cross the road.

1. They left at 10 o'clock. I heard them. 2. My neighbour saw a burglar. He broke into my house. 3. A pavement artist drew a portrait of a little girl. I watched him. 4. Chuck looked at another student's paper during the exam. The teacher noticed him. 5. There was an earthquake in my hometown last month. The ground shook. I felt it. 6. Peter's plane was delayed. Other planes landed and took off. He watched them.

Exercise 3. Используйте инфинитив после let, make, have.

1. I'm your friend. Any time, any place, anywhere just let me (to know) and I'll be there. 2. "I will not have students (to draw) on the walls of this school," the headmaster said. 3. My mother made me (to tidy up) the room. 4. That's not what I meant to say. How can I make you (to understand)? 5. My parents don’t let me (to stay) out late. 6. “Who made you (to cry)?”

Exercise 4. Перепишите предложения, используя инфинитив и слова в скобках. Выполните перевод.

Example: I go to the beach every weekend because I like swimming, (in order) – I go to the beach every weekend in order to swim / because I like to swim.

1. He stopped at the service station because he wanted to have the tank filled, (in order) 2. She went to bed early because she wanted to be ready to leave at 6 o'clock next morning, (in order) 3. I settled down in the country because I wanted to have trees around me instead of buildings, (so as) 4. Everybody was pushing because they wanted to get to the front of the queue, (in order) 5. They went on foot because they didn't want to take a taxi, (in order not) 6. Pam bought a new suit because she wanted to wear it at the office party, (in order to) 7. We spoke quietly because we didn't want to wake up the children, (so as not).

Exercise 5. Расставьте слова в такой последовательности, чтобы получились предложения. Один глагол используйте в инфинитиве, а другой – в Present Simple.

Example: illness/surprised/hear/I/be/his/of. –

I'm surprised to hear of his illness.

Exercise 6. Перепишите предложения согласно образцу. Используйте инфинитив вместо придаточных предложений. Переведите их.

Example: Galileo was the first who used the telescope to look at the Moon.

–Galileo was the first to use the telescope to look at the Moon.

1.Neil Armstrong was the first who stepped on the Moon. 2. Alexey Leonov was the first who walked in space. 3. Pierre and Marie Curie were the first who discovered radium and polonium. 4. The London postmaster Roland Hill was the first who introduced the post stamp. 5. Tsiolkovsky was the first who put forward the idea of interplanetary travel. 6. The Wright brothers were the first who laid foundation of modern flying.

Exercise 7. Закончите предложения, используя данные глаголы в инфинитиве. Выполните письменный перевод.

Example: We need some scissors to cut the paper.

cut fulfil wear write do drink unlock

1.Tom is staying home this evening. He's got some letters ___.

2.Are you thirsty? Would you like something ___?

3.There's a lot of homework ___.

4.Have you got a key ___ this door?

5.She has an ambition ___.

6.I need some new clothes ___ to the party.

Exercise 8. Закончите предложения с помощью данных прилагательных и too. Выполните устный перевод.

Example: I afraid I'm getting too old to work so long hours.

оld drunk heavy young thin weak hot

1.The ice is ___ to skate on.

2.Her son is ___ to get married.

3.He was ___ to drive home.

4.This parcel was ___ to be sent by post.

5.The light is ___ to read by.

6.The plate was ___ to touch it.

Exercise 9. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму(-ы).

Examples: Sam hated visiting (visit) museums until he met Helen.

My dog would hate to be (be) without me.

1. Peter dislikes ___ (wait) for people. 2. Peter would dislike ___ (be) sent to a boarding school in Britain. 3. My mother loves ___ (take) photographs. 4. The manager would love ___ (show) you around the company. 5. I hate ___ (queue). 6. I'd hate ___ (lose) my wedding ring. 7. Do you prefer ___ (watch) TV to ___ (listen) to the radio?

Exercise 10. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму(-ы). Сделайте перевод.

Examples: Johny tried to reach the shelf but he wasn't tall enough. I needed some money. I tried asking some of my friends but they couldn't help.

1. He went on (write) to her even though she didn't reply. 2. She started as a secretary and went on (become) Company Director. 3. I've always regretted (not / learn) to play the piano. 4. I regret (tell) you that all the tickets for this performance have been sold already. 5. I'll never forget (arrive) in New York the first time. 6. Don't forget (write), will you? 7. Stop (make) that dreadful noise! 8. We've only stopped (get) some petrol. 9. He tried (go) to evening classes but his German was still hopeless. 10. Why don't you try (lose) some weight?

UNIT 16

Причастие

Причастие – неличная форма глагола, обладающая признаками глагола, прилагательного и наречия. В русском языке английскому причастию соответствует как причастие, так и деепричастие.

Как и глагол, причастие в английском языке имеет формы времени (а причастие переходных глаголов имеет также формы страдательного залога) и может определяться наречием:

A well-bred woman does nothing which shall make people talk of her. – Хорошо воспитанная женщина не делает ничего такого, что может заставить людей говорить о ней (обсуждать ее).

Как и прилагательное, причастие может выполнять в предложении функции определения и именной части сказуемого:

The first International Conference of Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War held in March 1981 was attended by doctors from 11 countries. – На Первой Международной конференции «Врачи за предотвращение ядерной войны»,

проведенной в марте 1981 года, присутствовали врачи из 11 стран.

Формы причастия представлены в табл. 10.

Таблица 10

Формы причастия

The Present Participle (Participle I)

Причастие настоящего времени образуется путем прибавления суффикса -ing к инфинитиву глагола без частицы

to:

to play (играть) – playing (играющий);

to read (читать) – reading (читающий).

Перед суффиксом -ing одна согласная, если она стоит после краткой ударной гласной, удваивается:

to get (получать) – getting, to compel (заставлять) – compelling, to run (бегать) – running, to prefer (предпочитать) – preferring.

В глаголах to die – умирать, to lie – лежать, to tie – связывать буква i перед суффиксом -ing переходит в у:

to die – dying – умирающий, умирая;

to lie – lying – лежащий, лежа (лгущий, обманывая); to tie – tying – связывающий, связывая.

Причастие настоящего времени переводится на русский язык либо действительным причастием настоящего времени, либо деепричастием.

The Past Participle (Participle II)

Причастие прошедшего времени правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления суффикса -(e)d к

инфинитиву глагола без частицы to. Читается этот суффикс так же, как суффикс -(e)d прошедшего неопределенного времени правильных глаголов:

to finish (заканчивать) – finished (законченный);

to civilize (цивилизовать) – civilized (цивилизованный).

Причастие прошедшего времени неправильных глаголов чаще всего образуется путем изменения корневой гласной или всей основы глагола:

to write (писать) – written (написанный); to see (видеть) – seen (увиденный);

to teach (обучать) – taught (обученный, обучаемый).

В словарях после неопределенной формы неправильных глаголов обычно даются формы прошедшего неопределенного времени и причастия прошедшего времени.

На русский язык причастие прошедшего времени обычно переводится страдательным причастием совершенного или несовершенного вида.

The Perfect Participle

Перфектное причастие выражает действие, предшествующее действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым. Оно образуется от причастия настоящего времени глагола to have – having и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола.

На русский язык перфектное причастие переводится чаще всего деепричастием совершенного вида:

to say (говорить) – having said (сказав); to write (писать) – having written (написав).

Функции причастий в предложении

Причастие настоящего времени может употребляться в предложении в следующих функциях:

1. Именной части сказуемого:

I looked at the bookshelf: one book was missing.

2. Определения:

Women from 111 countries and belonging to 132 national organisations took part in the meeting in Prague in 1986.

3.Обстоятельств (обычно в форме причастного оборота):

a)обстоятельства времени:

Coming to the stadium they found the game in full swing.

Be careful while crossing the street.

b) обстоятельства образа действия или сравнения:

“No,” he answered shaking his head.

Talking and laughing the students ran out of the building.

с) обстоятельства причины:

Knowing English well he was able to read this magazine.

Being well-prepared he answered readily.

Having plenty of time I didn’t hurry.

В сочетании с формами вспомогательного глагола to be причастие настоящего времени образует формы продолженных времен:

In a large, hot, richly furnished drawing room two women were sitting.

В сочетании с формами вспомогательного глагола to be причастие прошедшего времени образует формы страдательного залога:

The flat of Hercule Poirot was furnished in a modern style.

В сочетании с формами вспомогательного глагола to have причастие прошедшего времени образует формы совершенных времен:

Europe has twice last century been the scene of a destructive war that has spread to global proportion.

Перфектное причастие употребляется в предложении в функции обстоятельств:

Having done the question-and-answer exercises, the students began to write a composition.

Exercise 1. Соотнесите причастия с существительными. Обратите внимание на употребление артиклей.

Переведите словосочетания.

Exercise 2. Соотнесите причастия с существительными. Обратите внимание на употребление артиклей.

Переведите словосочетания.

A В