Vocabulary

feasibility - возможность

copolymer - сополимер

polymer - полимер

precipitation - осаждение

selective - селективный

quantitative - количественный

determination - определение

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ontaminant - загрязнитель, загрязняющее вещество

utility - полезность

interface - контактная поверхность

aqueous - водный

ligand - лиганд

salicylate - соль или эфир салициловой кислоты

platinum – платина

olefinic group - олефиновая группа

to incorporate - включать

pyridine - пиридин

paste electrode - пастовый электрод

reagent - реагент

adenosine - аденозин

ferrocene - ферроцен

amine - амин

saturation - насыщение

voltammetry- вольтамперометрия

Exercise 2. Answer the following questions.

1. Why are chemically modified electrodes useful for electroanalytical applications?

2. What scientists have already made a report about analytical utility of chemically modified electrodes?

3. Ions of which chemical element did Lane and Hubbard extract from

the aqueous solution?

4. What did Cheek and Nelson make a report about?

5. What electrodes did Oyama and Anson investigate? Why?

Exercise 3. Put questions to the bold-typed words.

1. Today there is a great need for the development of analytical methods for the selective and quantitative determination of metal ions.

2. The feasibility of using electrodes is demonstrated.

3. The method is based on the use of copolymer films.

4. Cheek and Nelson reported on the determination of Ag (I) from the solution.

5. Chemically modified electrodes are very suitable for electroanalytical applications.

6. Electrodes offer high sensitivity.

7. One of the first examples of the analytical utility of these modified electrodes was represented by Lane and Hubbard.

8. There have been some reports on the use of chemically modified electrodes.

9. They reported a truly remarkable detection limit.

10. Price and Baldwin reported on the use of ferrocene carboxaldehyde for the determination of aromatic amines.

11. Amines are absorbed on the surface.

12. These authors also point out the different aspects.

13. Cox and Majda incorporated Fe(II) onto a platinum electrode.

14. The proposed approach takes only the advantages of the favorable aspects of chemically modified electrodes.

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xercise 4. Give the equivalents for the following words and make up sentences with them: utility, sensitivity, film, interface, surface, an electrode, determination, to be suitable for, reagent, aqueous, development, to incorporate, ferrocene, to report, amine, saturation, absorption.

Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences.

1. Analytical methods for the selective and quantitative determination of metal ions are under development today.

2. We used salicylate ligand to complex Fe (III) ions from the aqueous solution.

3. The determination of Ag (I) ions is a difficult and time-consuming process.

4. To define the composition of this substance we used chemically modified past electrodes.

5. The sample of soot was placed on the substrate (подложка) for further investigation.

6. These electrodes have high sensitivity that allows using them in many spheres.

7. To study the chemical properties of calcium we used modified 82electrodes.

8. Cox and Majda incorporated Fe(II) onto a platinum electrode modified with absorbed adenosine 5-monophosphate and subsequently determined the amount of incorporated ions via cyclic voltammetry.

9. These authors also point out the different aspects (such as saturation) that must be kept in mind when attempting to use these modified interfaces for analytical purposes.

10. These electrodes are widely-used for electroanalytical purposes.

Exercise 6. Give the definitions for the following words: an electrode, reagent, ligand, pyridine, olefinic group.

Exercise 7. Put the verbs in the correct tense form.

1. Recently new paste electrodes (to develop) in our laboratory.

2. While John (to research) flame-speed modifications, our research team (to obtain) a new type of polymer.

3. Last month Dr. Oyma and his colleagues (to make) a report about their remarkable experimental results at the conference.

4. When Stan (come) Dr. Richardson (to research) perturbations of the flame.

5. This substance (to have) amphoteric properties.

6. Be oxide (to react) with acids.

7. These detection limits (to report) by us last year.

8. This method (to be based) on the use of polymers.

9. You just (to make) an interesting offer.

10. The previous results (to be) much better than these ones.

11. We (to discuss) this topic later.

12. He (not to describe) the properties of this element yet.

13. When I (to come) home my parents (to discuss) something very important.

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Exercise 8.

1. Put the words into the gaps: need, organic, trace, use, offer, sensitivity, for,

examples, by, utility, applications, modified, samples, reports.