Vocabulary

ammonia - аммиак

pungent - едкий

alcohol - спирт

hydrolysis - гидролиз

ammonium nitrate - нитрат аммония

ammonium phosphate - фосфат аммония

urea - мочевина, карбамид

fertilizer - удобрение

explosive - взрывчатое вещество

dyestuff - краситель

resin - смола

moderate - усредненный

to permit - позволять

solvent - растворитель

combustion - горение

to contain - содержать

to nitrify - нитрифицировать

to yield - вызывать, приводить к образованию

bacterium (pl. bacteria) - бактерия

nitrogen-fixing bacteria - бактерии, связывающие азот

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o give rise - приводить к образованию

to release - высвобождать

nitrogen cycle - азотный цикл

proton acceptor - акцептор протонов

Exercise 2. Answer the following questions.

1. Where is ammonia soluble?

2. What substance is liquid ammonia similar to?

3. How is ammonia made industrially?

4. What substances does ammonia give when it burns in air?

5. What are the major uses of ammonia?

Exercise 3. Put questions to the bold-typed words.

1. Ammonia may be prepared in the laboratory by reacting ammonium salts with bases.

2. Ammonia is a good proton acceptor.

3. In the presence of catalysts NO, NO₂ and water are formed.

4. Moderate dielectric constant permits ammonia to act as an ionizing solvent.

5. Ammonia is used in the manufacture of nitric acid.

6. Ammonia dissolves electropositive metals.

7. When burnt in air ammonia yields nitrogen and water.

Exercise 4. Match the definition with the correct word.

1. Chemical energy is a) a substance that causes a chemical

reaction to happen quickly.

2. Carbon monoxide is b) a process of using fuel to produce heat or

energy.

3. Commercial use means c) a poisonous gas produced by the engines

of vehicles.

4. Compound is d) an energy which is stored in fuels.

5. Catalyst is e) use in business.

6. Burning is f) a chemical substance that consists of two or

more elements that together form a molecule.

7. Potassium hydroxide is g) a white alkaline compound that is used,

for example, in soap manufacture.

Exercise 5. Give the synonyms for the following words and make up sentences with them: burning, to yield, amount, to give rise, to convert, important, to release, manufacture.

Exercise 6. Put the following words in the gaps: to contain, amount, vehicles, to release, pungent, fertilizers, bacteria.

1. We have obtained a large … of calcium oxide during this experiment.

2. This cheese has very … odour.

3. Ammonia … hydrogen and nitrogen.

4. Yesterday there were a lot of parked … near the theatre.

5. W

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   hen heating water solution ammonia gas … .

6. Our farmers usually use many … to make soil more fertile.

7. … exist in large quantities in air, water, dead creatures and plants.

Exercise 7. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.

1. Liquid ammonia has some similarity to water.

2. Nitrogen - fixing bacteria are able to achieve the reactions which are similar to the reaction of the Haber process.

3. It also dissolves electropositive metals.

4. The combustion of ammonia in air yields nitrogen and water.

5. It is very soluble in water and soluble in alcohol.

6. Ammonia is a good proton acceptor.

Exercise 8.: Paraphrase the following expressions using attributive chain and translate them.

E.g.: the reduction of carbon – carbon reduction:

1. the technology of the production of fullerenes;

2. the production of soot;

3. the synthesis of vinyl acetate;

4. the pyrolysis of ethylene;

5. the technique of the determination of the content of soot particles;

6. the investigation of the rare earth oxides of terbium and praseodymium.;

7. the combustion of ammonia;

8. the modifications of electric field;

9. the solution of ammonia.