Lesson 3 Part 1 Ways of the Translation of Passive Voice

There are a few ways of the translation of the passive voice. They are the following:

1. passive voice can be translated by passive voice itself, e.g.: These data are presented in Fig. 2. - Эти данные представлены на рисунке 2.

2. Passive voice can be translated into Russian by the verbs with endings -ся, -сь.

E.g.: Solubility of hydroxides is characterized by solubility constant. - Растворимость гидроксидов характеризуется константой растворимости. The beauty of this method was recognized by many scientists. - Преимущество этого метода признавалось многими учеными.

3. Passive voice can be translated as a verb in active voice, e.g.: The properties of iron were taken into account in the measurement of its relative density - Свойства железа учли при измерении его относительной плотности.

4. Passive voice of compound verbal complexes that include modal verbs is translated as infinitive, e.g.: Tin can be reduced under high pressure. - Олово можно восстановить при высоком давлении. These conditions should be maintained. - Необходимо поддерживать эти условия.

Translation of the construction: under + noun

There are some constructions in English like “under +noun”. In scientific literature the preposition “under” in this constructions is translated as “при”: under pressure - при давлении, under temperature - при температуре, but there are cases where it can be translated in a different way. They can be translated as a participle. In English they are often placed after a noun but in translation into Russian they are placed before the noun. E.g.: The properties under examination are very important - Рассматриваемые свойства очень важны.

Here are some examples of these constructions:

under consideration - рассматриваемый

under examination - рассматриваемый

under review - рассматриваемый

under investigation - исследуемый

under study - исследуемый, изучаемый

under observation - наблюдаемый

under test - испытуемый, испытываемый

under way - осуществляемый в данное время.

Vocabulary

vinylacetylene - винилацетилен

rate of reaction - скорость реакции

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risacharide - трисахарид

isomaltose - изомальтоза

independent synthesis - встречный синтез

hydrolyse - гидролизовываться, гидролизовать

impurity - примесь

Practice

Translate the following sentences paying attention to the passive voice and constructions: “under +noun”.

1. At this point the material under examination is fed.

2. Hydrogen has been substituted by oxygen.

3. The values have little relevance to the problem under investigation.

4. Vinylacetylene under pressure with or without catalysis is polymerized.

5. The results have been affected by the presence of impurities.

6. The amine is isolated from reaction.

7. The rate of reaction is symbolized by XV.

8. The trisacharide under examination has been contaminated with isomaltose.

9. The reaction was accompanied by the violent evolution of heat.

10. Conclusive proof for dioxin structure was obtained through independent synthesis last time.

11. These results under review have been verified by us a few times.

12. The polarization of these lines under consideration can be predicted using this mechanism.

13. A new technique under consideration has been developed by us.

14. The oxidation of this substance has been carried out by us.

15. The research of the new properties of iron compounds are being carried out by them.

16. Compound II under study can be hydrolyzed to yield free amine.

17. The reaction under study can be accompanied by resin formation.

18. This apparatus is made up of the following parts.

19. The properties of these compounds were defined by us last year.

20. This method will be reported by us tomorrow.

21. This reaction has been hindered by the presence of impurities.