
- •Введение
- •Lesson 1 Part 1 Should and Would
- •Practice
- •Vocabulary
- •Texts for educational purposes Buckminsterfullerene
- •Inorganic compounds of carbon
- •Organic compounds of carbon
- •Introduction.
- •Lesson 2 Part 1 Attributive chains (ac)
- •Practice
- •Part 2
- •Alkali Metals
- •Vocabulary
- •Chemical bond
- •Texts for educational purposes Clay and its minerals
- •Potassium and its compounds
- •Lesson 3 Part 1 Ways of the Translation of Passive Voice
- •Practice
- •Part 2
- •Alkaline-Earth Metals
- •Vocabulary
- •Texts for educational purposes Calcium and its compounds
- •Solution and solvation
- •Lesson 4 Part 1 How to Translate “to follow” and its derivatives
- •Practice
- •Part 2
- •Bismuth
- •Vocabulary
- •Lead and its compounds
- •Oxidation-reduction reactions (redox)
- •Oxygen and ozone
- •Lesson 5
- •Practice
- •Part 2
- •Vocabulary
- •Texts for educational purposes
- •Iron and its compounds
- •Nickel and its compounds
- •Transition elements
- •Lesson 6 Part 1 Participle II
- •Practice
- •Part 2
- •Aluminium
- •Vocabulary
- •Сhloride aluminium
- •Texts for educational purposes Colloids
- •Flocculation
- •Dipole and dipole-dipole interaction
- •Texts from scientific articles Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- •Introduction
- •Lesson 7
- •Dependent Participle Constructions
- •Practice
- •Part 2
- •Ammonia
- •Vocabulary
- •Texts for educational purposes Synthesized and natural compounds of nitrogen
- •On acids and their properties
- •Texts from scientific articles Journal: Analytica Chimica Acta Oxidizing properties of Perchloric Acid solution
- •Introduction
- •Journal: Analytica Chimica Acta Oxidation of Cerium (III) to Cerium (1v)
- •Lesson 8 Part 1 Absolute Participle Constructions
- •Practice
- •Part 2
- •Electric - field - induced flame speed modification
- •Vocabulary
- •Fullerene production
- •Text from a scientific article Journal: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science Flame configurations
- •Introduction
- •Lesson 9 Part 1 Gerund
- •Techniques for gerund translation
- •Practice
- •Part 2
- •Fine particle toxicity and soot formation
- •Vocabulary
- •Fine particle toxicity and soot formation
- •Texts from scientific articles Journal: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science Studies of aromatic hydrocarbon formation mechanisms in flames
- •Introduction
- •Lesson 10
- •Functions of the Gerund in a Sentence
- •Practice
- •Part 2
- •Electroanalysis with chemically modified electrodes
- •Vocabulary
- •Utility of chemically modified electrodes
- •Texts for educational purposes Electrochemical processes
- •Lesson 11 Part 1 The forms of the Gerund
- •Practice
- •Part 2
- •Vocabulary
- •Texts for educational purposes Types of fuel
- •Classification of fuels
- •Absolute gerundial constructions
- •Vocabulary
- •Practice
- •Part 2
- •Hydrogen bond
- •Vocabulary
- •Ammonium hydrogen carbonate
- •Texts for educational purposes Noble gases
- •Equilibrium and equilibrium constant
- •Practice
- •Part 2
- •Blast furnace
- •Voсabulary
- •Texts for educational purposes Types of burner
- •Catalytic reactions
- •Lesson 14 Part 1 The Forms of The Infinitive
- •Part 2
- •The rusting of metals
- •Vocabulary
- •Scientific Research Carbon cycle
- •Carbon dating
- •Acid rain
- •Lesson 15 Part 1
- •Infinitive constructions
- •Part 2
- •Alloys and types of alloys
- •Vocabulary
- •Texts for educational purposes On combustion and flame
- •Hardness of water
- •Hydrogen
- •Hammett equation
- •Albert Einstein
- •Vocabulary
- •Список литературы
Vocabulary
carbon - углерод
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relative atomic mass (r.a.m) - относительная атомная масса
melting point (m.p) - температура плавления
boiling point (b.p) - температура кипения
allotropic forms -аллотропические формы
diamond - алмаз
naturally - в природе
to occur - встречаться
to belong to - принадлежать
hard - твердый
compound - соединение
bond - связь
covalent bond - ковалентная связь
extremely - весьма
to link – связывать
to form - образовывать
to be situated - находиться
tetrahedron - тетраэдр
to arrange - располагать
layer - слой
to surround - окружать
conductor - проводник
high-temperature equipment - оборудование, предназначенное для работы в условиях высокой температуры
solid lubricant - смазывающий материал твердой консистенции
graphite - графит
soft - мягкий
slippery - скользкий
unique - уникальный
allotrope - аллотроп
fullerite - фуллерит
amorphous - аморфный
carbon black - технический углерод, газовая сажа, углеродная сажа, копоть
charcoal - древесный уголь
carbon dating (radiocarbon dating) - датирование радиоуглеродом (углеродная метка)
sulphur - сера
carbon assimilation - ассимиляция углерода
to assimilate - ассимилироваться
nitrogen - азот
to produce - получать, производить (промышленным, производственным способом)
to prepare - приготовить, получить (лабораторным способом)
to obtain - получить, получать (в лабораторных условиях)
to have variety of uses - использоваться в различных сферах
Exercise 2. Answer the following questions.
1. What is carbon?
2. How many allotropic forms does carbon have?
3. How can graphite be produced?
4. How are atoms arranged in graphite?
5. Where is graphite used?
Exercise 3. Put questions to the bold-typed words.
1. Diamond occurs naturally.
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3. The hardness results from the structure.
4. The third crystalline allotrope is fullerite.
5. Graphite can be produced by Acheson process.
6. Carbon occurs in organic compounds.
7. The layers are held together by weak van der Waals’ forces.
8. Diamond is extremely hard.
9. There are several amorphous forms of carbon: carbon black and charcoal.
10. Carbon forms a large number of compounds because of its unique ability to form covalent bonds.
11. Graphite has variety of uses including electrical contacts, high-temperature equipment and solid lubricants.
12. Graphite is a soft black slippery substance.
Exercise 4. Give the equivalents for the following words and make up sentences with them:
Boiling point, melting point, to hold together, to have variety of uses, high-temperature equipment, solid lubricants, nitrogen, sulphur, charcoal, to occur, layer, to arrange, amorphous, carbon black, carbon dating.
Exercise 5. Match the beginnings of the sentences and the endings.
Carbon is a a) naturally.
Graphite is used in b) by weak van der Waals’ forces.
All metals have c) non-metallic element .
There are two d) the production of solid lubricants.
All layers are held e) a unique ability to form
covalent bonds.
Diamond occurs f) allows defining the age of an archeological
object.
Carbon dating g) amorphous forms of carbon.
Carbon is h) is the ‘lead’ in pencils.
Graphite mixed with clay i) an essential element for all living
organisms.
Exercise 6. Give the explanation for the following words: carbon, boiling point, melting point, graphite, diamond, conductor, equipment, charcoal, carbon black, carbon dating, covalent bond, fullerite.
Exercise 7. Put the following sentences into Passive.
1. We used carbon dating to define the age of this archeological finding.
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3. Our workers usually use carbon black in many industrial processes.
4. We have obtained two amorphous forms of carbon.
5. I will investigate this substance tomorrow.
6. How often do you use charcoal in your research?
7. We use graphite in many spheres.
8. We haven’t measured the boiling point yet.
9. How did you determine the mass of this substance ?
10. Recently we have studied the properties of graphite.
11. Our researchers are developing a new method for graphite production now.
12. To produce good solid lubricants we usually use graphite.
Exercise 8. Put the words into the right order.
Is /conductor /a / electricity / heat / of / and / graphite / good.
Stable / two / there / isotopes / are.
Unique / to form / atoms / sulphur / carbon / forms / ability / a / number / large / compounds /of / because of / its / stable / bonds / covalent / with.
Results / covalent / hardness / from / structure / of / covalent / diamond / the /the.
Atom / is / to / other / linked / carbon / four / atoms/ each / situated / corners / tetrahedron / are / the / of / that / at.
Compounds / occurs / all / organic / in / carbon.
Can / produced / be / diamond/ synthetically.
Is / carbon / the / point / what / boiling / of ?
What / the / “charcoal” / your / of / term / understanding / is ?
Is / essential / for / animals / carbon / plants / for / an / element / and.
Is / graphite / in / solid / the / lubricants / used / production / of.