7.2 Синтаксис

I. Analyse the simple and multiple sentences:

1. Their crops destroyed by floods, the farmers needed loans. 2. Every­thing you say can be used against you. 3. That job completed, I signed an­other contract. 4. The linguist's work is not to ridicule poor speakers and praise good ones; not to rank various languages according to their supposed superiority in expressing literary or scientific concepts; not to defend the Mother Tongue from real or imagined assaults. 5. An active verb denotes action, and a passive verb, passivity. 6. In titles, the first and the last words as well as all other words except articles and short prepositions and connec­tives are customarily capitalized. 7. I'll do anything I can to help out. 8. What I like about this room is that it's got big windows. 9. The government hopes to reduce inflation by strict control of the economy. 10. What was the name of the Greek hero who killed the Minotaur? 11. A team of psychologists asked a hundred local townspeople to keep a record of all their conversa­tions for a week, and jot down whether they lied at any time. 12. A boy named Frank Carmichael, aged 10, walking home the lake, saw a large trav­elling bag protruding from the high weeds. 13. This would lead, other things being equal, to a price increase of no less than five per cent. 14. It's a very crowded life, there's always something to be done.

II. Analyse the compound sentences:

1. It's going to rain — we'd better go indoors. 2. You have to work hard to remain ahead of your competitors in business, otherwise you can easily lose your leading position. 3. The universities and colleges have been asked to reduce their spending to the least possible; therefore, they are em­ploying no new teachers. 4. Either he paid out that hundred pounds some time after dinner last night, or else it has been stolen. 5. All happy families resemble one another; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. 6. Are we allowed to take the magazines home or do we have to read them in the library? 7. I'd gladly do it, only I won't be here tomorrow. 8. She didn't buy the novel, she received it from the author as a gift. 9. He didn't want to get involved; indeed, he only agreed on one condition. 10. Jonathan Swift never went up in a lift, nor did the author of Robinson Crusoe do so. 11. Before the invention of writing there were no written records and hence there was no history. 12. The sentences in Exercise 3 are relatively easy, while those in Exercise 4 seem to be more difficult. 13. He is a statesman and an essayist, plus he is a charming

III. Analyse the compound sentences with multiple coordination:

1. Stephen treated her generously, gave her an ample allowance, but he would under no circumstances permit credit, nor would he pay her allow­ance in advance. 2. Returning home late one night, I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. 3. I'd like to come with you but that's not a promise, don't reckon on it. 4. The Art of Biography is different from Geography: Geography is about maps, but Biography is about chaps. 5.1 I was prepared to forgive one thoughtless remark, but she kept heaping insult on insult, so I asked her to leave my house. 6. I wasn't serious about the girl, I was only flirting with her; we both enjoyed it. 7. Home is heaven and orgies are vile, but you need an orgy, once in a while. 8. Ignorance is like a delicate exotic fruit; touch it, and the bloom is gone. 9.1 always eat peas with honey, I've done it all my life, they do taste kind of funny, but it keeps them on the knife. 10. Mrs Darling loved to have everything just so, and Mr Darling had a passion for being exactly like his neighbours; so, of course, they had a nurse. 11. Life is a jest, and all things show it; I thought so once, but now I know it. 12. There are no clearly defined seasons in South Alabama; sum­mer drifts into autumn, and autumn is sometimes never followed by winter. 14. Why sky of the daytime blue, whereas the sunlight itself is yellow?

IV. Analyse the complex sentences:

1. Considering that the parcel comprised a half-a-pound of Gorgonzola cheese, the smell which proceeded from the mysterious packing-case did not surprise Vera at all. 2. She changed the conversation as though it were a matter to which she attached little importance. 3. My first idea was that he had suddenly caught sight of some girl he knew, and I looked about to see who it was. 4.1 cannot see that lectures can do so much good as reading the books from which the lectures are taken. 5. Women's faults are many; men's are only two: everything they say and everything they do. 6. It was clear that in this region the governor ran everything with a hard hand, for reasons that remained to Nigel quite mysterious. 7. Why you prefer this squalid room to your house in Chelsea and how you manage alone is more than I can see if he was a sociable creature and didn't care to eat alone, so he looked around to see if there was anyone he knew. 9. I didn't think it sounded very comforting, but it was the only thing I could think of. 10. She meant what she said, for she could never long endure any conversation of which she was not the chief subject. 11. I paid for what we had drunk, and we made our way to a cheap restaurant, crowded and gay, where we dined with pleasure. 12. What has disturbed me more than I can express is the information that he is engaged to my daughter. 13. The pilot now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole, for there were no more mountains in sight. 14. He touched her shoulder but she didn't stir, so he knew she was awake. 15. It was the only meal she ate in the day, for she took great care of her figure, but she liked that one to be succulent and ample. 16. I wonder what the neighbours will say when they know that you have gone forever? 17. This volume might, I feel, be fittingly described as a Companion, inas­much as it contains both a good deal more and a great deal less than any conventional dictionary ought to contain* 18. Children aren't happy with nothing to ignore, and that's what parents were created for. 19. All I know about the bird is it's feathered and not furred. 20. I'll eat the strawberry when frozen, although it's not the very berry I'd have chosen/ 21 Jome is the place where, when you have to go there, they have to Sake you in. 22. Before you fling off a remark like that, think what you're saying.

23. My people and I have come to an agreement which satisfies us both: they are to say what they please, and I'm to do what I please. 24. All you want to know is if she can tell you where to find Geraldine. 25. Whatever the children wanted had to be opposed by the nurse, whose gaze was never off their tiny figures. 26. This story is about Tony; therefore, I only want to introduce people whose actions affected Tony. 27. The sun was so high that a patch of light fell on Peter, which meant it was past noon. 28. The great thing about clever people who are relaxed is that they make you feel com­fortable and interesting too. 29. Some of the American ladies in Paris, who claimed to know all about him, said that his family was quite poor and that if he was able to live in the way he did it was only because he had been very clever. 30. He had taste and knowledge, and he did not mind admitting that in bygone years, when he first settled in Paris, he had given rich collectors who wanted to buy pictures the benefit of his advice; and when through his social connections he heard that some impoverished nobleman, English or French, was disposed to sell a picture of first-rate quality, he was glad to put him in touch with the directors of American museums who, he happened to know, were on the lookout for a fine example of such and such a master.

V. Analyse the compound and compound-complex sen­tences:

1. He could not fail to be moved when, in that gentle way of hers, she told him that it was a scandal that his exquisite work remained known only to the narrow circle. 2. But why writers should be more esteemed the older they grow, has long perplexed me. 3. At one time I thought that the praise ac­corded to authors when they had ceased for twenty years to write anything of interest was largely due to the fact that the younger men, having no longer to fear their competition, felt it safe to extol their merit. 4. After mature consid­eration I have come to the conclusion that the real reason for the universal applause that comforts the declining years of the author who exceeds the common span of man is that intelligent people after the age of thirty read nothing at all. 5. As they grow older the books they read in their youth are lit with its glamour and with every year that passes they ascribe greater merit to the author who wrote them. 6. One thing that surprised me was that even at that far distance I could remember distinctly what people looked like, but only with vagueness what they wore. 7. Of course I don't deny that if I were thor­oughly unscrupulous I could make a sensation. 8. Her attitude is that Rose Driffield exerted a most pernicious influence on her husband, and that she did everything possible to ruin him morally, physically, and financially. 9. A gen­ial look came over his face, which his enthusiasm had reddened and the heat of the day caused to perspire, and the eyes that had held me with a dominating brilliance softened and smiled. 10. Margarita Cassell, the only one whose fame had filtered through to the regions where Clara lived, looked just as a poetic actress ought to look; she was middle aged and beautiful. 11. The other day we had a visitor here, a noted scientist, whose latest word to the world has been that the more accurately you know where a thing is, the less accurately you are able to state how fast it is moving. 12. What I am pointing out is that unless you are at home in the metaphor, unless you have had your proper po­etical education in the metaphor, you are not safe anywhere. 13. It is simple enough to say that since books have classes — fiction, biography, poetry — we should separate them and take from each what it should give us. 14. The human species, according to the best theory I can form of it, is composed of two distinct races: the men who borrow, and the men who lend. 15. The older children need practice in reading but, if they had to do it in their own classes, they would say it was kids' stuff and be worried about losing face. 16. Even those works that are presumed to be immortal and universal are products of a particular time in history and a particular social and political context; there­fore, they may represent points of view with which we are unsympathetic...