The participle

I. Identify Participle I, define its form, verbal and adjective-adverbial properties:

1. The sharks were there, but keeping their distance. 2. Isadora remained standing. 3. And I watched them, rather foolish and apart, not being able to understand what they said. 4. And many were interested in her, being so pretty and having money. 5. Having secured his law degree, he was now embarking on a prosperous business career. 6. You never see him bolting his food or having to run for a bus. 7. "Have you missed us, Jon?" Little Jon nodded, and having thus admitted his feelings, continued to nod. 9. I could see the decision being taken. 9. What always puzzles him are letters referring to two different subjects, or to new subjects. 10. "We will put them (bicycles) back in the same street after a few days," Barbara said, having been bidden by her father not to steal. 11. The ship's band did not play in the morning, it being Sunday. 12. There being no Lutheran minister aboard the Caplan assumed leadership of religious observances suitable to the day. 13. But Merissa, as Angela thanked her, concomitantly gathered her books, having been reading in the light of television. 14. The managing director having completed his exposition, Soames directed his gaze at the pink face of dosey old Mother gill. 15. Lying in the hospital with his rotting wound, he dictated his fare­well letter to his brother.

II. Find out in which cases Participle I expresses an action simultaneous with that of the finite verb; and in which cases it denotes an action prior to that of the finite verb:

1. There were two or three basking sharks and a decent-sized tiger wandering around near the silver bottom. 2. Just then Celia Rudbeck comes out of her grass hut, carrying a sketch book and a folding chair. 3. Walking east, on that bright cheerful day, nothing struck him so much as the fact that he was alive, well, and at work. 4. In the meantime, having lived with my paintings, I propose to die with them. Б. He tossed in bed all through the night... Awakening late he came down after nine o'clock. 6. He was suffering badly, being very sensitive in the ear. 7. He broke off, observing their blank faces. 8. Knocking once, he opened the front door. 9. I felt dirty and uncomfortable, not having washed or shaved. 10. Living this lonely life, Mrs. Gange got into the habit of talking loud to herself. 11. I believe I was turn­ing about in search of Uriah's picture, when, a door at the farther end of the room opening, a gentleman entered. 12. Hav­ing opened the door to her, he said, "Oh, it's you." 13. She 'is nervous of the instrument (telephone), especially when addressing any kind of official. 14. Dunkan Trice was not there, having sent word that he had been urgently detained in the town. 16. Rising, he went down to the parlour. 16. When J got to the ground, I went round the corner into the next staircase, as if looking for somebody, and walked slowly up. 17. They tell me she's never at home now; your uncle Jolyon he doesn't like it, I fancy, being left so much alone as he is. 18. Ben thought the boy was afraid they would be caught doing something wrong. 19. The clergyman had taken longer than Jones to work out what Salter had just said, but having done so he saw no reason for delaying his response to it. 20. She saw, at last, the very dark blue Mercedes coming through the gate. 21. Old Blore ... is seen coming across the station from his house. 22. Be that as it may, his funeral had been perfect, and coming away from it Soames Forsyte made almost mechanically for his Uncle Timothy's house. He had no alpenstock, nothing. But having come safely to rest, he began to walk on in the illuminated darkness. Preedy had forgotten that Ada was on the beach, and seeing her he stopped. 25. Syson, having seen the account, did not even tell Clarry about it for another three days.

III. Comment on the use of the Perfect and Non-Perfect Participle I. Try to find out which temporal or phasal relationship they express. Motivate your answer:

1. Returning to London after Margaret's flight, Arthur Burdon had thrown himself again into the work which for so long had been his only solace. 2. Gregorio's footsteps

could be heard retreating unhurriedly down the stairs. 3. In the most extraordinary way, I found myself thinking about Elizabeth again, having only a moment before dismissed her from my mind. 4. And it seemed that, having accepted a direction, she was farther along than I. 5. He rose hearing her, she still weeping, and the others formed a procession behind and set out toward the bridge. 6. But having heard with great interest the argument between Kate and Ackroyd, he decided to hedge. 7. This being my natural attitude, I don't know what made me turn sharply south and cross a state line to take a look at Yellowstow. 8. Having jerked his head towards his mistress, he went on to shake it slightly. 8. But Eleanor attaches more importance to these things than I do, her daily life being so bounded by the house, and I resolved to make no difficulties. 9. Later some half dozen letters for his uncle having been put in the key-box, Katterer called Clyde's attention to them. 10. About the midst of May the snow there is cleared, having two months been melting. 11. ...which (=the sea) no one entered until May, or even June, it being cold in the spring. 12. "But I would rather do for a single gentleman, they giving less trouble though eating more." 13. He would also make a good husband, there being no doubt of this because above all he was kind and attentive. 14. I turned back not knowing where to go. 15. "You know them as well as I, and knowing them, Dr John, it really amazes me that you should not repose the frankest confidence in her fidelity. 16. Val regarded (Soames) round-eyed, never having known his uncle to express any sort of feeling. 17. All those we had spoken to coming in, we regretted going out. 18. Arriving at the London Transport barrier, he gave up his Western Region ticket. 19. So next evening I went out and there was a chap, waiting. 20. Kitty watched them dispassionately, like a nurse waiting for an epileptic to come out of a fit. 21. Taking down the menu at the service table, he ordered himself a dozen oysters. 22. Having taken a cup of tea from his mother, he remarked that birds were gelling wild already, covert was so sparse, and there was silence, 23. I know, having spent a little time there, that it's quite a cosy region they live in. 24. Then, having done these wrong and silly things, she would stand stained, sickened and empty, in the kitchen door, and say.... 25. You know my hoy lias been bad lately with awful pains in his stomach and not being due to ice-cream I have been afraid of appendicitis. 26. "I wish I could be-of use to you." "You are, just silling here. It's been an awful day." 27. I had been out all the afternoon and coming in, found myself in the midst of the seething mob. 28. The cars would be all right with their good metal-to-metal brakes and anyway, coming down, they would not be loaded.

IV. Comment on the use of Participle I Passive. Mark the dual cases. Point out the temporal and aspective meanings of the word underlined:

1. Next to the Divorce Court, this court was, perhaps, the favourite emporium of justice, libel, breach of promise, and other commercial actions being frequently decided there. 2. Over his cigar Dartie peered round at Bossinney, who was sitting with his arms crossed, staring straight in front of him, and on his face the look of a man being tortured. 3. One woman in a tattered fur coat, an old woman, who had clung and was causing a block, being tapped on the shoulder by the policeman, at once turned on him and began to scream abuse. Being left alone Paulina and I kept silence for some time. Being dressed, I went down, not travel-worn and exhausted, but tidy and refreshed. 6. Savely ensconced, being driven to their hotel, they thought themselves pioneers in discover­ing the privacy. 7. And it was just such nervous and hyster­ical "cancer" cases who, having been told by their doctors that there was nothing wrong with them, were likely to come, in despair, to Pant's Road and demand treatment. 8. Four or five times they passed corpses being carried down the trenches as they went up. 9. That evening having been officially released, Ginger Ted went to the Controleur's house. 10. Mrs. Bramwell's "evening" began at nine o'clock, the late hour being chosen out of consideration for the medical gentlemen who might be detained at their surgeries. 11. He took his walks in the Public Park, climbing to the upland being severely forbidden. 12. The Rev. Mr. Syson having been sentenced to six months in jail had his eye cut by a broken bottle as they tried to smuggle him out of court by a back way. 13. Anyhow, we didn't see him again for a week, he being confined to his bed with a chill on the liver, 14. The work being finished, the two girls... brushed the shreds and threads from their dresses and went into the shop. 15. He inquired hurriedly whether Mrs. Forsyte was at home and being informed that she was not, heaved a sigh of relief. 16. Freddy Malines’ left hand accepted the glass mechani­cally, his right hand being engaged in the mechanical re­ adjustment of his dress. 17. He did well at school, being interested in poetry, Latin, and languages. 18. And so conflict also disappeared from the novel, being replaced by subjective struggles, sexual intrigues, or abstract discussion.19. Euphemia went off into her silent laugh, and, ending the squeak, said, as though being strangled, "Oh, you’ll kill me, auntie." 20. The chaise soon came round to the front of the shop, and the baskets being put in first, I was in next, and those three followed.