Word Study

Ex. 1. Decide which phrase correctly finishes each sentence.

1) If you lend money a) you owe me money.

b) I owe you money.

2) If I borrow money from you a) you should pay me back.

b) I should repay you.

3) If you can’t afford things a) you can borrow money from me.

b) you can lend me money.

4) If I sell something for more than a) I have made a loss.

I paid for it b) I have made a profit.

5) If I purchase something and pay more a) I will probable make a loss than it’s worth when I sell it. b) I will probable make a profit when I sell it.

Ex. 2. Match the words with their definitions.

a) fee, bonus, tax, wage, salary, rent, pension, fare, cash, change;

1. money paid for a place to live

2. money paid to the government

3. money paid for the professional services

4. money in coins and notes, not cheques

5. money paid to workers by hour or week

6. money paid as an extra payment to one’s salary

7. money paid to workers for a month’s or year’s work

8. money paid to older people who no longer work

9. money returned to you after you pay too much

10. money paid for a journey by bus, train or plane

b) to save, to waste, to earn, to accumulate, to sponsor, to pay, to afford, to charge

1. to keep from being spent, lost or wasted

2. to ask for some money as a price for something done

3. to use without benefit or return

4. to receive as recompense for work

5. to make something grow into a mass

6. to give money for something

7. to donate money to

8. to have enough money for something

Ex. 3. Use the following words to complete the sentences below:

salary, wages, charges, fees, fare, tip, commission, payment, bonus.

1. The taxi … was $18 and I gave the driver a $2 …

2. When you purchase over 200 pieces, delivery is free of …

3. The builders receive their weekly … in cash.

4. In addition to your basic … you will receive a 25% … on all goods sold.

5. She’s a good accountant but her … are high.

6. This mechanic’s … for the service he provides are reasonable.

7. I am very well paid and I have a productivity …

Ex. 4. Find the closest synonym for the word combinations on the left select from the right column.

a lot of money cost of living

monetary unit to buy

paper money a great deal of money

little money money in cash

a living wage to accumulate money

effective money a unit of money

false money soft money

to donate money counterfeit money

to save up money a small amount of money

to purchase to sponsor

Ex. 5. Match the words / expressions on the left with their opposites on the right.

profit to lend money

worth the back of a banknote

hard up expensive goods

to save up money to buy goods

the face of a banknote valueless things

to borrow money to find money

moneyed person to waste money

cheap goods well off

to lose money worthless

valuable things loss

to sell goods moneyless person

Ex. 6. Match each item on the left below with its meaning on the right.

(a) taxes (1) cinema, theatre, restaurant meals, etc

(b) pocket-money (2) money for transport, e.g. bus, train, taxi

(c) salary (3) part of income paid to government

(d) entertainment (4) money parents give children every week

(e) rent (5) money from work, usually monthly or annually

(f) interest (6) money for lighting, heating in your house

(g) wages (7) money from work, usually monthly or annually

(h) pension (8) e.g. 6% a year from your money in the bank

(i) fares (9) money for people who stop work at the age of about 60

(j) gas and electricity bills (10) weekly or monthly payment for your room, flat or house

Ex. 7. Put each of the following verbs in the correct space in the passage below.

pay spend save open lend

pay back earn afford owe borrow

Joy: Pam, I’m in trouble. I (a) … £200 a week from my job, but I need to (b) … about £250 a week just on basic things like food, rent and fares. I can’t make ends meet on £200. I’ve got to (c) … some money. Can you help?

Pam: Yes, OK. I’m quite well-off at the moment. I can (d) … you £100. Here you are. But why don’t you (e) … a bank account? It’s very simple. Then you can (f) … a little bit every week, and you won’t be so hard-up.

Joy: Pam, I haven’t got enough money to put in a bank account! I can’t (g) … my gas and electricity bills. I can’t (h) … to go on holiday. I’m not just a bit hard-up. I’ve got no money at all. I’m broke! Anyway, thanks for your help. I promise to (i) … the £100 next month. I don’t like to be in debt. I won’t forget. I now (j) … you £100.

Ex.8. Put each of the following words or phrases in the correct space in the sentences below.

broke hard-up in debt well-off make ends meet

1. She earns a lot of money. She’s very …

2. He never has a lot of money, He can’t afford luxuries, He’s always …

3. I’ll have to get an extra job in the evenings. I can’t … on my salary.

4. I’m sorry I can’t lend you any money. I haven’t got any. I’m absolutely …

5. He’s … He owes money to me and to the bank too.

Ex. 9. Fill the gaps using the past tense of verbs.

buy, sell, spend, win, lose, waste, pay, find, cost, give

1. My car was five years old, so I … it and … a new one.

2. It was very sad when I … my watch in the street. It was a present from my wife and it … her a lot of money. Fortunately, somebody … it the next day and took it to a Police Station.

3. I … over £2,000 for my computer, but it isn’t worth very much now.

4. My father … me £50 last week but I … most of it on a ticket for a concert of Friday.

5. Last week somebody … £1000 in a game on television. It was incredibly exciting.

6. I’m afraid I … my money on those CDs because I never play them.

Ex. 10. Put the words in the correct places in the sentences below:

coins cash currency money banknote

1. The … of Japan is yen.

2. She has got a lot of … in her bank account.

3. It costs £10 if you are paying … . It’ll be more if you pay by cheque.

4. Can you change this pound note into … for coffee machine?

5. This … is 10 dollars worth.

Ex. 11. Fill the gaps with the words: value, cost, price.

1. He learnt the … of a friend.

2. The oil … are falling in the world-market.

3. The … of living has risen, whereas wages have remained the same.

4. The … of this information is enormous.

5. He set a high … on his time.

6. At Christmas sales one can buy goods at reduced … .

Ex. 12. Make up sentences beginning with the words: One can …

1) earn money 2) spend money 3) save money 4) make money 5) borrow money 6) lend money 7) owe money 8) accumulate money 9) donate money 10) raise money 11) pay money 12) invest money in something 13) waste money 14) charge money

a) that is give it to somebody for a period of time b) i.e. collect it in somebody’s favour c) when one wants to buy something expensive, or when one lives economically d) and then he grows rich, acquires wealth e) that is take money promising to pay it back in future f) that is to get money as salary or wages g) that is borrowing money one becomes a debtor, and owes it to the lender h) that is store up a large amount of money i) that is to give it to a good cause j) when one buys something as a customer k) i.e. give it to someone in exchange for services or goods. l) i.e. put money into shares or business m) i.e. spend it on something which is not worth it n) for goods and services

Ex. 13. Put a suitable form of these words into each space.

afford charge cost rise pay

economize reduce owe sell

1. I … the bank so much that I couldn’t take a holiday abroad.

2. When I … the rent, I felt as if I had been robbed.

3. I paid in cash and they didn’t … me so much.

4. After I had … my house, I realized I had made a mistake.

5. We … so that we could buy a new fridge.

6. The cost of living keeps … all the time.

7. We only … last year’s holiday by cutting down on luxuries.

8. How much did a double room …?

9. The shop on the corner has … everything by fifty percent.

Text I

Before you read:

A. Consider the title of the text. What do you know about the topic? Try to frame one or two thoughts of your own on the subject. Then read the text to find out which of the paragraphs deals with:

1. Types of money.

2. Early forms of money.

3. The role of the money in the world.

4. What is money and currency?

5. Cashless means of payment.

6. Money as a unit of account.

7. Stores of value.

8. The first main use of money.

9. A system of barter.

10. Main characteristic features of money.

B. Rearrange the titles of the paragraphs so as to make a plan of the text.