Verbs and word-combinations with verbs:

To affect – затрагивать, оказывать влияние;

to affect prices

to affect market

to be affected by

to avoid – избегать, остерегаться, уклоняться;

to avoid unnecessary expenditures

to avoid the disadvantages

to concern – 1) касаться, относиться;

2) заниматься, интересоваться;

to concern everybody

to be concerned with

to consume – потреблять, расходовать, тратить;

to consume goods and services

to consume natural resources

to carry out – выполнять, совершать, осуществлять;

to carry out economic policy

to carry out economic activities

to deal with – вести дело, заниматься, рассматривать вопрос, решать задачи;

to deal with economic problems

to deal with production, distribution and consumption of commodities

to define – определять, давать определение; определять границы;

to define a problem

to define an area of study

to define the economy

to distribute – распределять;

to distribute commodities

to distribute resources

to determine – 1) определять, устанавливать, регулировать;

2) решать, разрешать;

to determine the way of using the resources

to determine the size

to determine inflation and unemployment

to develop – развивать;

to develop the economy

to develop certain industries

to employ – 1) принимать на работу, нанимать;

2) употреблять, использовать;

to employ workers

to employ factors of production

to enable – давать возможность, делать возможным;

to enable the factors to interact

to enable smb. to do smth.

to encourage – поощрять, поддерживать, содействовать;

to encourage trade

to encourage production and employment

to enjoy – пользоваться (правами, преимуществами);

to enjoy advantages

to enjoy the benefits

to exercise – пользоваться, осуществлять;

to exercise a right

to exercise control over the economy

to extract – добывать, извлекать, получать;

to extract information

to extract goods from natural environment

to involve – вовлекать, впутывать;

to involve in the process of production

to manufacture – производить, выпускать;

syn. to make, to produce

to manufacture equipment

to obtain – получать, добывать;

to obtain natural resources

to produce – производить;

to produce goods and services

to produce commodities

to provide – давать, предоставлять; обеспечивать, снабжать;

to provide smb. with goods

to provide a service

to refer – 1) иметь отношение, относиться, касаться;

2) ссылаться, упоминать;

to refer to the problem

to refer to the information

to satisfy – удовлетворять; возмещать (убытки);

to satisfy the demand

to satisfy needs and wants

to supply – снабжать, доставлять, поставлять;

to supply an industry with raw material

to supply the goods from the market

Word Study

Ex. 1 Pronounce the following correlative words and underline the stressed vowels:

Economy – economist – economize – economic – economics - economical.

Industry – industrious – industrial – industrialist – industrialize – industrialized -industrialization.

Produce – producer – product – production – productive - productivity.

Consume – consumer – consumerism - consumption.

Employ – employable – employee – employer – employment - unemployment.

Analyze – analysis – analyst - analytical.

Ex. 2 Form derivatives from the following verbs. Consult a dictionary and translate the words.

E. g.: to distribute – distributor – distribution – distributable – distributive.

To develop, to provide, to supply, to manufacture, to construct, to satisfy, to achieve, to expend, to invest.

Ex. 3 Group the words that follow into six synonymous groups:

Aim,analysis,buyer,commodities,customer,establishment,examination,exploration,goal,goods,inquiry,institution,investigation,merchandise,objective,organization,purchaser,purpose,research,study,welfare,well-being.

Ex. 4 Group the words that follow into six antonymous pairs:

Buyer,expenditure,infinite,consumer,finite,producer,decline,growth,seller,employment,income,unemployment.

Ex. 5 Form all possible word-combinations using the words of both columns and, if necessary, given prepositions. Translate them into Russian.

A.

1. government a) growth

2. natural b) ownership

3. productive c) employment

4. labour d) area

5. raw e) consumer

6. scientific f) approach

7. business g) service

8. home h) resources

9. remote i) forces

10. economic j) supply

11. various k) material

12. available l) research

13. public m) factors

14. private n) control

15. rural o) enterprise

16. individual p) manufacture

17. scarce q) industries

18. full r) wealth

19. mineral s) activities

20. foreign t) problem

B.

1) production population

2) distribution commodities

3) control wealth

4) resources economics

5) means production

6) type study

7) construction ways

8) volume of roads

9) demand enterprise(s)

10) consumption business(es)

11) definition economy(ies)

12) branch country

13) factors labour

14) area income

15) number goods and services

C.

1) to supply the scarce resources

2) to satisfy from the disadvantages

3) to refer economic policy

4) to provide production

5) to produce with control

6) to extract environment

7) to exercise information

8) to encourage to goods

9) to deal services

10) to carry the problems

11) to define out the demand

13) to avoid raw material

14) to be concerned unemployment

15) to choose commodities

Ex. 6 Complete the following sentences with the appropriate word from the list below:

economic, economical, economics ,economist, economize, economy.

1) A good manager is in the use of his funds.

2) A small car is more than a large one, because it uses less petrol

3) A person saves money and expense wherever possible.

4) An is a person who studies, teaches, or writes about economics.

5) By exercising strict he saved enough money to retire early.

6) By using in buying food and clothes, we were soon able to save money for the new car.

7) is a social science concerning behaviour in the fields of production, consumption, distribution and exchange.

8) If you can your time, you will get more done in less time.

9) In the long run, it is an to buy good quality things, even though they cost more.

10) In times of difficulties we all have to .

11) It is much more to buy in bulk.

12) Nations experience different rates of growth.

13) The country is in a bad state.

14) There are many competing schools of thought in .

15) The country is in period of and industrial crisis.

16) Unofficial strikes were damaging the British .

17) The country’s has grown rapidly in the second half of the 20^th century.

18) The is a weekly journal published in London since 1843.

19) The loss of business was so great that they had to on staff.

20) The science of principles of the way in which industry and trade produce and use wealth is called .

.

Ex. 7 Match the words or terms listed below with the definitions that follow.

Allocation of resources, distribution, economics, economic growth, economist, economy, enterprise, factors of production, investment, macroeconomics, microeconomics, price, production, resources.

1. A source of economic wealth, especially of a country (minerals, land, labour, etc) or business enterprise (capital, equipment, personnel, etc).

2. The division of the total income of a community among its members.

3. A specialist in economics.

4. The complex of human activities concerned with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

5. A business unit; a company or a firm.

6. The act of investing money.

7. The cost at which anything is obtained.

8. The creation or manufacture for sale of goods and services with exchange value.

9. An increase in real output.

10. The branch of economics that focuses on the activities of individual decision-making units.

11. Those things that are transformed into final goods and services desired by society.

12. The choosing of the use to which scarce resources are put.

13. The branch of economics that focuses on the behaviour of the entire economy.

14. The science that studies how societies allocate scarce resources.