Increase your vocabulary

Exercise 1. Match the synonyms.

Verbs

1	2
place	transfer
couple	put
operate	regulate
transmit	work
obtain	achieve
adjust	bound
	establish
	manipulate
	excite

Nouns

1	2
action	combination
mixture	opportunity
possibility	operation
state	position
	energy
	contamination

Language activity

Exercise 1. Transform the following sentences into one with the Complex Subject Structure as shown below.

Model: We assume that Equation 4 is used for simplicity.

Equation 4 is assumed to be used for simplicity.

1. We suppose that electrons are raised from the valence band to the conduction band.

2. We consider that semiconductors deal with a wave function relating to the crystal as a whole.

3. We know that laser action was first observed in 1962 using Ga As.

4. They say that semiconductor-laser pumping has been achieved in a number of ways.

5. We believe that atomic and molecular systems energy levels belong to single atoms or molecules.

6. We see that population inversion is achieved in a narrow stripe between the p and n sides of the junction.

7. We found that some color-center lasers have been mode-locked.

8. It is reported that mode-locked color-center lasers generate very short pulses in single-mode fibers.

Exercise 2. Translate into Russian paying attention to the Complex Object Structure.

1. Computer people know the number of viruses to be rapidly growing.

2. The researchers expected the combined effect of a few factors to reduce the threshold current density.

3. She doesn’t want her washing-machine to have been broken down again.

4. Such a diode structure of the Ga As laser allows the current density to be reduced.

5. To make a computer collect data is much better than to pay a person to do the same work.

6. Going from the green to the soft Х-ray region we see the wavelength decrease by a factor of 50.

7. They assumed the energy barriers to have confined injected holes and electrons within the active region.

8. We believe other types of double-heterojunction lasers to be vigorously developed.

9. We expect the web to provide distant students with full university level courses.

10. The mass-media report the environment to have been heavily polluted due to the man’s irresponsible activity.

11. By means of a special program the experimenter made the robot obey his commands.