1.12. Formation

- constitution, constitutional, unconstitutional,

non-constitutional, constitutionalism, constitutionality, constitutionally;

- evolve, evolution, evolutional, evolutionist, evolutionary;

- king, kingcraft, kingdom, kinglike, kingly, kingmaker;

- monarch, monarchy, monarchist, monarchic, monarchical.

- history, prehistory, historic, prehistoric, historical, historically, historian, historiography, historiographer, historicity;

- oppose, opposable, opposed, opposer, opposing, opposite, oppositely, opposition.

1.13. Questions

1. How many European states are constitutional monarchies?

2. Which parts does the United Kingdom comprise?

3. What are the powers and functions of the Monarch today?

4. Who governs in the name of the Sovereign?

5. How are cabinet members selected?

6. What does the British Parliament consist of?

7. What types of lords are in the upper chamber?

8. How are members of the House of Commons elected?

9. How long is the term of MPs?

10. Is the Prime Minister in GB usually elected or appointed?

11. What are the functions of the Prime Minister?

12. How is the Cabinet formed?

13. Is the number of members of the British Cabinet fixed?

14. It is a political convention for the Cabinet to act as a single man. What does it mean?

15. What is a Shadow Cabinet?

1.14. Agree or disagree

1. In fact the Monarch reigns but does not rule.

2. The Monarch makes appointments to all important offices of state, excluding judges and leading positions in the Established Church.

3. Part of the Queen's Royal Prerogative is the power to prorogue Parliament.

4. A Bill becomes an Act of Parliament even without the Royal Assent.

5. A Cabinet cannot be formed or a Minister cannot take up office without the Monarch's consent and approval.

6. The Monarch does not have the power to cede territory or to declare war.

7. The position of Prime Minister is based on convention, not statute.

8. The Crown presides over meetings of the Cabinet.

9. The Cabinet meets in private and its discussions are secret.

10. The Cabinet determines, controls and integrates the government policies which are then presented to Parliament for consideration.

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.15. SAY WHAT YOU KNOW about:

1) any of the 56 monarchs of England, from Alfred the Great, in the ninth century, to Elizabeth II today;

2) the changes that the Royal Family has shown itself willing to accept, such as The Queen’s decision to pay tax, changes being made to the Civil List, and the opening of Buckingham Palace to the public to help fund the restoration of Windsor castle;

3) the history of the British Parliament;

4) some traditions and ceremonies still kept in the Parliament;

5) the UK Constitutional Reform, 1999;

6) the future of the monarchy in Great Britain.

1.16. Before reading

Provide a detailed examination of the historical and philosophical origins of the federal idea and its subsequent evolution as modern federalism.