3 .13. Debates

The state legislature of Texas, United States, enacts a rule of procedure that requires that all petitions for dissolution of marriage be filed in the court of the county where the petitioner is domiciled. This is an example of a rule of procedure that applies to the entire jurisdiction (the entire state). The county court of Weir County (the same state) enacts a local rule that requires petitions for divorce to be filed only on Mondays with the Clerk of the Court, Domestic Relations Division. This local rule is created by the county court and would apply in no other county in the state.

Points for Discussion

1. Why are local rules necessary?

2. Wouldn’t it be easier to have completely uniform rules for an entire jurisdiction?

3.14. EXAMINE the following statements and identify at what stage of trial each would occur:

1. “Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, it is our belief that the evidence you will see today will convince you by a preponderance that the defendant is not responsible for the losses of the plaintiff as alleged.”

2. “Mr. Smith, as a juror do you feel you could put aside your personal feelings about drunk drivers and consider the defendant as innocent until proven responsible for the accident in which the plaintiff’s property was harmed?”

3. “Ms. Johnson, isn’t it true that you had been drinking yourself on the night you claimed to have witnessed the accident involving the defendant?”

4. “It is abundantly clear from the evidence that the plaintiff’s damage resulted not from the defendant’s actions but rather, from the plaintiff’s own contributory negligence in driving at a speed too fast for conditions after working for a continuous eighteen hours at her job.”

3.15. CREATE a detailed chart that demonstrates each step of court procedure from the time a lawsuit is filed up to the appeal.

3.16. KEY WORDS
action appeal closing argument civil procedure commercial law company law complaint consumer law contract damages defendant education law environmental law evidence exemplary damages family law general damages in personam action in rem action injunction injury insurance law issue intellectual property law jurisdiction jury labour law law of contracts	law of evidence liability litigation media law obligation opening statement ownership party plaintiff pleading proof property law rebuttal evidence relationship remedy responsibility review special damages specific performance suit tax law to seek damages to sue tort law transaction trial venue will

3 .16. MAKE A REPORT on the topic “Civil Law”, paying attention to the following points in your speech:

- nature of civil law;

- branches of civil law;

- civil trial;

- remedies in civil litigation.

Unit 4. Law of Property

4.1. BEFORE READING learn the following words and phrases which are essential on the topic:

estate - 1) имущество; собственность 2) вещно-правовой титул, право вещного характера, вещно-правовой интерес; имущественный интерес в недвижимости

estate for years - 1) владение имуществом в течение определённого срока, аренда на срок, 2) срочное арендное право

fee simple = freehold - безусловное право собственности на недвижимость, неограниченное право собственности

intangible property - 1) неосязаемая собственность 2) нематериальные активы (напр. репутация фирмы) 3) нематериальное имущество, имущество в правах

interest in property - вещное имущественное право, право в имуществе

leasehold - 1) лизгольд, пользование на правах аренды; наем, 2) право использования арендованной собственности 3) арендованное имущество, арендованная собственность

life estate - 1) имущество, находящееся в пожизненном владении, 2) пожизненное право на недвижимое имущество

personal property = personal assets, personal wealth, personalty, personal estate, personal goods, movable property, movables, goods and chattels - индивидуальная [личная] собственность; движимое имущество, движимость (различные материальные и нематериальные активы, которые не относятся к недвижимому имуществу)

possess - владеть, иметь, обладать, располагать (какими-л. материальными объектами)

real property = realty, real asset, landed property, immovables, immovable property, real estate - недвижимое имущество, недвижимость, недвижимая собственность (имущество, использование которого по назначению и без ущерба его характеристикам исключает его перемещение: здания, сооружения, земельные участки и иное имущество, прикрепленное к земле и связанное с ней)

tangible property - 1) осязаемая собственность, 2) материальное имущество, осязаемое имущество, имущество в вещах

title - правовой титул; право собственности; право на имущество; основание права на имущество; документ о правовом титуле