- •Гидропривод Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов II курса мтф
- •Contents
- •Part I learn and train grammar
- •I. Main forms of the verbs
- •1. Give four main forms of the following verbs:
- •1. Translate the sentences from English into Russian
- •2. Translate the sentences from Russian into English
- •III. Substitutional words
- •IV. Compound conjunctions
- •V. Functions of infinitive
- •VI. Infinitive constructions
- •VII. Compound forms of infinitive
- •VIII. Forms of participles
- •IX. Absolute Participle Construction
- •Part II section I
- •Introduction into mechanics
- •5. Insert the proper words into the sentence
- •6. Find in the text the sentences that correspond to the following statements
- •7. Give the summary of the text according to following plan, using the phrases
- •Section II The principles of a drive
- •1. Remember the meanings of the words
- •2. Look through the text to find the English equivalents of the following words and give the sentences with them
- •3. Finish the sentences
- •4. Insert the proper words into the sentences
- •5. Find in the text the sentences that correspond to the following statements
- •6. Give the summary of the text according to following plan, using the phrases
- •Section III General-purpose mechanisms and hydraulic components
- •1. Remember the meanings of the words
- •2. Look through the text to find the English equivalents of the following words and give sentences with them
- •3. Finish the sentences
- •4. Insert the proper words into the sentences
- •5. Find in the text the sentences that correspond to the following statements
- •6. Give the summary of the text according to the following plan, using introductory phrases
- •Section IV Hydraulic equipment of machines
- •1. Remember the meanings of the words
- •2. Look through the text to find the English equivalents of the following words and give sentences with them
- •3. Finish the sentences
- •4. Insert the proper words into the sentence
- •5. Find in text the sentences that correspond to the following statements
- •6. Give the summary of the text according to the following plan, using the phrases
- •Part III
- •Section I hydraulic devices in motor vehicles
- •Section II the structure and the types of hydraulic transmissions
- •Section III trouble-free pumping
- •Test to section II
- •Test to section III
- •Test to section IV
- •Test to section V
- •Test to section VI
- •Bibliography
VII. Compound forms of infinitive
|
Active |
Passive |
Indefinite |
to drive |
to be driven |
Continuous |
to be driving |
– |
Perfect |
to have driven |
to have been driven |
Perfect Continuous |
to have been driving |
– |
Только две формы инфинитива имеют эквиваленты в русском языке – Indefinite Infinitive Active и Indefinite Infinitive Passive: to drive – вести автомобиль, приводить в движение, to be driven – управляться, быть приведённым в движение. Остальные формы инфинитива употребляются редко.
VIII. Forms of participles
|
Active |
Passive |
Participle I Indefinite |
driving – ведущий, приводящий в движение |
being driven – приведённый в движение |
Participle I Perfect |
having driven – приведя в движение |
having beеn driven – будучи приведённым |
Participle II |
– |
driven – приводимый, приведённый в движение |
Define the type of Infinitive Constructions and translate the sentences into Russian
1. A lot of hydraulic appliances are considered to be the indispensible part of road-making machinery.
2. The new system is believed to be the first use of remote telemetry devices.
3. Leonard Euler is known to be influenced by scientific ideas of Lomonosov.
4. The teacher wanted the students to know the main laws of mechanics well.
5. Alexander Bell wanted his assistant Watson to help him while testing their invention.
6. All the liquids are known to do work under pressure.
7. The leakage is proved to be less, if the gap between two surfaces is as close as possible.
8. Lexus is reported to employ quite new type of a drive – a wave one.
9. It is obvious to consider pneumatic and hydraulic drives to be the most widely spread in machinery.
10. This new car model is expected to be awarded by the prize at the exhibition.
IX. Absolute Participle Construction
Это самостоятельная часть предложения, отделяемая от основной запятой, состоящая из существительного или местоимения в качестве подлежащего и причастия, выполняющего функцию сказуемого. Данный оборот выполняет различные функции:
а) независимый причастный оборот времени переводится придаточным предложением с союзами «когда», «после того, как»:
The project having been approved, the plant began the manufacture of the product.
После того, как проект был одобрен, завод приступил к выпуску изделия.
б) независимый оборот условия, переводится придаточным предложением с союзом «если»:
The strain in a body exceeding a certain value, the body will not recover completely its original state when the acting force is removed.
Если напряжение, оказываемое на тело, превышает определённую величину, тело полностью не восстановит своё первоначальное состояние, когда действующая нагрузка исчезает.
в) независимый причастный оборот причины, переводится придаточным предложением с союзами «так как», «поскольку»:
The device having been adjusted, the designers decided to put it into operation.
Поскольку прибор был отрегулирован, конструкторы решили запустить его в работу.
г) независимый причастный оборот сопутствующих обстоятельств, переводится придаточным предложением с союзами «причём», «а», «и»:
The engineers considered several types of transmissions, most of them approving the hydraulic one.
Инженеры рассмотрели несколько типов трансмиссий, причём многие из них одобрили гидравлическую.
Translate the sentences with Absolute Participle Construction
1. The design having been considered, it was allowed to begin the assembly of the unit.
2. The new pumps being ideally suited to wearing drainage operations, the firm introduced them as competitive models.
3. All hydraulic devices having similar functions, they consist of the same parts.
4. The principle of a drive having been changed, most of machinery has been improved.
5. The types of a drive were being constantly improving, the hydraulic drive having become the best.
6. The pressure being stopped, the nozzle resists dripping.
7. The hydraulic drive being a universal system, one can employ it in various types of machinery.
8. There are a great number of hydraulic units, some of them being installed on motor vehicles, the other on road-building machines.
9. A lot of foreign investigators developed the principles of mechanics, considerable contribution having been made by Russian scientists.
10. The servomotor being installed, the speed of the unit increased.