1. Remember the meanings of the words

wheel and axle – коловорот

pulley – шкив

screw – винт

mutual – взаимный

shaft – вал

bearing – подшипник

journal – цапфа, шип

thrust – упор

collar – муфта

to engage – соединять, сцеплять

to convert – превращать

blasting – взрыв

internal-combustion engine – двигатель внутреннего сгорания

reciprocating – возвратно - поступательный

to impart – придавать, сообщать (движение)

translational – поступательный

specific – удельный.

2. Look through the text to find the English equivalents of the following words and give the sentences with them

древний, понятие, движущаяся деталь, вал, сцепление, движение, превращение (преобразование), сжатый воздух, сообщать движение, оказывать давление.

3. Finish the sentences

1. The main principles of mechanics from ancient times are …

2. By mechanical drive a shaft rotates about …

3. To make something to more, gears …

4. Motion of the parts by means of disks is called …

5. Electric power installations include …

6. Electric generators transform …

7. Pneumatic equipment uses …

8. Compressors may be divided into …

9. A hydraulic drive includes …

10. Fluids are divided into …

11. The force exerted per unit is called …

4. Insert the proper words into the sentences

1. Mechanics is an … science.

2. The parts of any machine are … acting.

3. Putting various parts into operation is called ….

4. The drive of the parts may be … differently.

5. Electric motors … electric energy into mechanical work.

6. In pneumatic equipment compressed air is used … air-operated machines.

7. Compressed air … by a compressor.

8. Hydraulic power installations are used … translational or rotational motion.

9. The hydraulic drive … the parts move.

10. Hydraulics is the science which … fluids in motion.

11. Fluids are substances capable of ….

12. Any fluid may not be in static state, but ….

13. Hydraulic drives are … popular.

5. Find in the text the sentences that correspond to the following statements

1. Ancient masters opened the principle concepts actual up to nowadays.

2. All details of any machine are mutually connected.

3. The parts of a machine may be put into operation by various types of drive.

4. The function of electric generator is to transform mechanical energy into electrical one.

5. There are various principles of operation of compressors.

6. One of the types of compressing equipment is turbocompressors.

7. The function of hydraulic installation is to transmit motion to various parts of mechanisms.

8. The indispensable parts of a hydraulic drive are a pump, a distribution system, pipelines and hydraulic engine.

9. All parts of machines move owing to the hydraulic drive using the forces of fluids.

10. Both hydraulics and hydrodynamics concern fluids in motion.

11. The former knowledge of hydraulics expands and is applied to the wide range of fluids.

12. Fluids may be both static and movable.

6. Give the summary of the text according to following plan, using the phrases

1. It is known that the foundation of mechanics was laid down in ancient times.

2. It is obvious that the parts of machines should move, by this they are mutually acting.

3. It is well known fact in machinery that the drive of the parts is realized by various ways.

4. It is clear that the moving parts should be connected and disconnected.

5. It is necessary to say that generators, motors and other devices are used for electrical drive.

6. As the practice shows, pneumatic equipment is widely used in machine-building and construction.

7. Referring to compressors, they are divided into several types.

8. It is also should be mentioned that pneumatic equipment is put into operation by air-operated machines and tools.

9. It is a matter of fact that hydraulic equipment imparts translational or rotational motion to the elements of mechanisms.

10. It is a matter of concern of every mechanical engineer to know what a hydraulic drive consists of.

11. The main idea of the hydraulic drive is that its principle is based on making the parts move subjecting them to the forces of fluid.

12. The close consideration of hydraulics reveals the principle of the work of a number of installations in machinery.

13. It should be mentioned that the principle of hydrodrive is extremely widely used in machinery.