- •Гидропривод Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов II курса мтф
- •Contents
- •Part I learn and train grammar
- •I. Main forms of the verbs
- •1. Give four main forms of the following verbs:
- •1. Translate the sentences from English into Russian
- •2. Translate the sentences from Russian into English
- •III. Substitutional words
- •IV. Compound conjunctions
- •V. Functions of infinitive
- •VI. Infinitive constructions
- •VII. Compound forms of infinitive
- •VIII. Forms of participles
- •IX. Absolute Participle Construction
- •Part II section I
- •Introduction into mechanics
- •5. Insert the proper words into the sentence
- •6. Find in the text the sentences that correspond to the following statements
- •7. Give the summary of the text according to following plan, using the phrases
- •Section II The principles of a drive
- •1. Remember the meanings of the words
- •2. Look through the text to find the English equivalents of the following words and give the sentences with them
- •3. Finish the sentences
- •4. Insert the proper words into the sentences
- •5. Find in the text the sentences that correspond to the following statements
- •6. Give the summary of the text according to following plan, using the phrases
- •Section III General-purpose mechanisms and hydraulic components
- •1. Remember the meanings of the words
- •2. Look through the text to find the English equivalents of the following words and give sentences with them
- •3. Finish the sentences
- •4. Insert the proper words into the sentences
- •5. Find in the text the sentences that correspond to the following statements
- •6. Give the summary of the text according to the following plan, using introductory phrases
- •Section IV Hydraulic equipment of machines
- •1. Remember the meanings of the words
- •2. Look through the text to find the English equivalents of the following words and give sentences with them
- •3. Finish the sentences
- •4. Insert the proper words into the sentence
- •5. Find in text the sentences that correspond to the following statements
- •6. Give the summary of the text according to the following plan, using the phrases
- •Part III
- •Section I hydraulic devices in motor vehicles
- •Section II the structure and the types of hydraulic transmissions
- •Section III trouble-free pumping
- •Test to section II
- •Test to section III
- •Test to section IV
- •Test to section V
- •Test to section VI
- •Bibliography
6. Give the summary of the text according to the following plan, using the phrases
From the text we found out that …
It is known that the subdivisions of hydraulic equipment are …
It is important to know that the hydraulic volume-displacement drive works on the principle of …
It is worth mentioning that there is a distinction between mechanical and electric drives and hydraulic ones based on …
It is necessary to point out the main components of the volume-displacement drive …
One should know the principle of obtaing mechanical energy and converting it into …
The work of the hydraulic cylinder may be described in such a way …
We also found out that there are single-action cylinders which are employed in …
Besides, there are radial-piston hydraulic engines which may be considered as …
It should be noted also that a hydraulic engine with a variable-capacity pump has some advantages, such as …
I would like to tell about the principle of fluid work in the turbines which is performed in the following way …
The last paragraph of the text says about very important feature of the torque converters which includes the following …
I can add to the above-said that a torque converter and a fluid coupling fulfill very important function concerning engine …
Part III
Read and translate the following texts
Section I hydraulic devices in motor vehicles
One of the home-made automobiles (Moskvich-412) was once renewed. We consider innovation concerning only two units operating on hydraulic principle – the clutch and power transmission. In difference to the preceding models the mentioned one has the clutch drive of the hydraulic type. The new design of the hydraulic drive eliminates three lubrication points which were indispensable in the mechanical drive. Power transmission has been also modified. The mechanical clutch release drive has been replaced by a hydraulic one.
In Zhiguli the clutch is of the dry single-plate type, with diaphragm pressure spring. The hydraulic clutch release has a servo spring on pedal. The front suspension is independent, on lateral rocking arms with coil springs, telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers and sway eliminator. The rear suspension has coil springs, telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers, four longitudinal and one transverse rods. Foot brakes are of the disk-type with two opposed hydraulic cylinders on each front wheel and hydraulic cylinder on each rear wheel. Front and rear brakes are controlled separately by the hydraulic system from foot pedal and brake master cylinder with two coaxial pistons.
Some passenger cars have a soft convertible top. Folding and raising the roof cloth are performed by a hydraulic gear actuated from the driver’s seat.
New components are to be found on the GAZ truck. The GAZ truck carries great payloads, its braking system is very important. Each wheel brake cylinder is fitted with a heat screen to avoid brake fluid overheating caused by prolonged use of the brakes. The simplified hydraulic booster is integrated with the brake control valve. This arrangement reduces the number of parts and minimizes booster weight. The hydraulic booster control valve on the new model does not require adjustment in operation since it utilizes a diaphragm instead of the balancer plate and rubberized end valves instead of steel ball valves. The comfortable adjustable seat, the compact instrument panel, easy steering and hydraulic brakes make driving this truck almost as easy as a medium class car.
In the BELAZ tip-up lorry (dump truck), its body with heavy cargo is easily tipped from the driver’s cabin by means of a hydraulic mechanism. It is designed to operate in company with an excavator.
As for foreign-made cars, it is necessary, to mention a Danish Car Corporation, which produced a unique engine. The crankshaft has been substituted by a hydraulic transmission. The new engine is much smaller in dimensions than the conventional diesel engines, but develops more capacity. It can substitute four conventional diesel engines. The hydraulic transmission is supposed to work on mineral oil.