- •Introduction
- •1. Rectifiers
- •1.1 Employment, basic constituents
- •1.2. Technical and economic indexes of rectifier
- •1.3. Classification of rectifiers
- •1.4 Calculated basic parameters of designing
- •1.5 Some definitions
- •Thyristor as logical switch
- •1.7 A single-phase half-wave rectifier
- •1.7.1 Operation of single-phase half-wave rectifier with active load
- •For a secondary winding
- •For a primary winding
- •1.7.2. Operation of the half-wave rectifier with active - inductive load and limited inductance
- •1.7.3. Operation of the half-wave rectifier with resistive-capacitive load
- •1.8. A single-phase full-wave rectifier with a centre tap
- •1.8.1. Operation of a full-wave rectifier with a centre tap with an active load
- •1.7.2. Operation of a full-wave rectifier with centre tap and active - inductive load and limitеd inductance
- •1.8.3. Operation of a full-wave rectifier with centre tap and active - inductive load with infinite inductance
- •1.8.4. Consideration of a stage of switching of thyristors for a full-wave rectifier with centre tap and active - inductive load with infinite inductance
- •1.8.5 An external characteristic in per unit values
- •1 .9 A single-phase bridge rectifier
- •Figure 1.18
- •From cathode group thyristors current is flowing through that the right one witch have anode voltage greater than other one.
- •From anode group thyristors current is flowing through that the right one witch have cathode voltage less than other one.
- •1.10 The three-phase rectifier with a centre tap
- •1.10.3 The controlled three-phase circuit with a centre tap
- •1.10.4 The account of a stage of switching for three phase rectifier with centre tap
- •1.10.5 External characteristic
- •1.11 Three-phase bridge rectifier
- •The external characteristic
- •1.12 The double three-phase rectifier with balancing reactor
- •1.12.2. Definition of parameters for a choice of thyristors, calculation of the transformer and the balancing reactor
- •1.12.3 Merits and demerits, conditions of application
- •1.13 Equivalent polyphase circuits
- •1.13.2. Parallel connection of double three-phase bridge rectifiers
- •Average value of the rectified voltage is
- •1.14 Operation of the rectifier with opposite- emf
- •1.14.1. Operation of the half-wave rectifier with center tap with opposite- emf and active load
- •1.14.2. Operation of the half-wave rectifier with center tap and opposite-emf and active-inductive load
- •2. Dependent inverters
- •2.1 Transition from a rectifying conditions to an inverting conditions
- •External characteristics
- •3. Equipment and characteristics
- •3.1 Transformers for converting sets
- •3.2 The higher harmonics of a current and a voltage
- •The higher harmonics in a curve of the rectified voltage
- •3.2.3 The higher harmonics in a curve of a prime current
- •3.3. Power characteristics of the converter
- •3.3.1. Efficiency
- •3.3.2 Power factor
1.13.2. Parallel connection of double three-phase bridge rectifiers
Conditions: α=0, Ld=∞, La=0
A B C
Ld
Rd
Id
i||1A
еdII
5|
3|
1|
i|2A
i||1C
i|1A
i||1AC
↑
i1A
I
II
i||2A
6|
4|
2|
5||
2||
6||
3||
4||
1||
Lур
еdI
Figure 1.44
Line voltages of transformer are displaced on 30 degrees due to connection of transformers of the first bridge - Y/Y, the second - ∆/Y.
The principle of operation is similar to double three-phase star with the current-balancing reactor (CBR). CBR takes up a difference of variable components ed1 and ed11.
0
0
ud
ud
0
uk
еd
ud
edI
edII
Figure 1.45
For double three-phase bridge with CBR
Hence, typical power CBR is insignificant.
Average value of the rectified voltage is
Instantaneous voltage by the current-balancing reactor is
Frequency of a voltage by the current-balancing reactor
.
Instantaneous voltage by an output of the circuit
.
Frequency of a load voltage
.
Midvalue of a load current
,
where - average value of a rectifier current complete sets I and set II accordingly.
Construction of a current i1A is similar to construction the primary current for 2 series bridges, but instead of Id will be .
It is expedient to apply this set for the high current load.
1.14 Operation of the rectifier with opposite- emf
This operation of rectifier circuits meets in electrochemistry, the electric drive. For example: electrolyte pots, accumulators, DC-motors. The main feature of such consumers - presence own EMF Ео witch is directed against Ud.
TP
e2
i1
id
iV1
Ud
VD2
Rd
о ~ U1 о
Ld
VD1
Eo
- +
Figure 1.46
1.14.1. Operation of the half-wave rectifier with center tap with opposite- emf and active load
Conditions:
U
i
i
е2b
е2а
iV1
ud=ed
id
λ
λ
Figure 1.47
Id flows only then, when Ud > Eo
This current is intermittent.
Average rectified current
Average current through the thyristor
.
RMF value of a current through the thyristor and a secondary winding of the transformer
RMS value of a current through a primary winding of the transformer
.
The peak-inverse voltage
.