1. Say a few words about the hero-worker

USE THE FOLLOWING PATTERNS:

1 .... famous strong man and hero-worker; women came to hear.

2. ... drive steel ten hours without stopping.

3. ... died with a hammer...

4. ... was buried...

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READ THE TEXT

CASEY JONES Кейси Жонс

Casey Jones was a great American rail road hero engineer. He did not spare his own life, but died doing his duty. Casey was an engineer of the American train Canon-ball, in which ran between Tennessee and Mississippi (тез юрадиган). He was skilful and brave and always brought the train in time. He was skilful with the whistle too — the locomotive whistle. He had a special way of blowing it (овоз бериш). It would make people's hair stand on end in their beds as the train passed by at nights (сочни тикка турғизарди) «There goes Casey», they would say (Кейси кетапги).

On the night of April 29, 1900 when Casey had just finished his own run and brought the Cannon-ball into the town in time, he learned that the engineer of another engine was ill and could not make his run. Casey offered to make the run for his friend and pulled the big engine out of the station in the morning. It was already one hour and thirty-five minutes late for the start (машинасини олиб чиқди, 1 соат 35 минуг кеч бошлади).

Casey wanted to make up the time and he worked very hard at the engine (вақтни етказиб олиш учун).

By four o'clock in the morning he had made up most of the time, but suddenly in front of his engine, as he came round he saw a standing freight train on the rails (изда, юк поезди).

«Jump, Sim,» he cried.

Sim Webb, fireman jumped but it was late (ўт ёқувчи кочегар). Casey's body was found with one hand still in. the whistle and one on the air-brake (танаси топилди, ҳаво билан ишлайдиган тормоз).

There is a monument to Casey Jones in his native town in Kentucky (Кентуки). In 1950 the United States Government put out a threecent stamp in honour of the American rail-road engineers, which had the portrait of Casey Jones and a picture of the old Engine 382 (3 центли марка).

RETELL IT IN UZBEK.

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THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TODAY

Read the text and get information

In size, the United States of America is not the biggest country in the world (ҳажми бўиича). It ranks fourth among the nations after Russia, Canada and China (жойлашади). It also ranks third in population after China, India. After its 200 birthday, the United States of America still holds the leading position in the world (ушлаб турибди). What makes the USA the leader of the world is its economic, political and military dominance (ҳарбий устунлик) over the other countries.

The United States of America is a republic. The government is divided into three branches: legislative - (қонун чиқарувчи) (the US Congress), executive (ижро этувчи), judicial branch- the US Supreme Court (Суд органи). The US Congress is mainly representatives of big business. The United States of America is a federation of states (now there are 50 states) which was established by the Constitution in 1787. Each state has its own government and its own capital city, (ўзини мустақил ҳукумати). The President and his administration are the executive branch.

Answer the questions:

1 .What kind of country is the USA? 2. What kind of state is it?

The executive branch is vested in the President, Vice-President and the President Cabinet (қўлида, вице президент-президент ўринбосари, муовини). It is responsible for administrating and executing laws (жавобгар, бошқариш ижро этиш қонунлари). The President is elected for 4 years of service and may be reelected for four more years (қайтадан сайланади). He must be a natural born citizen, at least 35 years old and for at least 14 years a resident of the US (Америкада туғилган фуқаролар энг камида АҚШда 14 йил яшаган бўлиши керак).

The term of office of the President begins at noon on January 20 every 4 years (муддат, кун ўртасида, пешинда).

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The US President is both the head of state and of government. Presidential elections are held every leap-year on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. The President is assisted by Secretaries who are at the head of the executive departments (ёрдам беришади, ижро этувчи департамент). The most importanf departaments of the executive department are those of State and of Defense (Давлат ва мудофа департаментлари). The presidential elections in the USA are held in two stages (2-босқичларида). First the voters choose electors and then later voters elect the President (сайловчилар, овоз берувчилар). He has the initiative in foreign affairs, but the Senate can block them (ташаббус кўрсатади, тўхтатиб қўя олади). His actions may involve the country in a state of war (эълон қилади, уруш ҳолатига солади). The Vice-President is elected together with the President for 4 years. There were 12 departments in 1970. The President's Cabinet today has 11 members. Here are titles of the Cabinet members or secretaries.

1. Secretary of State (давлат котиби)

2. Secretary of the treasury ( хазина котиби)

3. Department of Defense or Secretary of Defense (Мудофа департаменти; мудофа вазирлиги).

4. Department of Justice (адлия департаменти).

5. Secretary of the Interior (ички ишлар котибияти)

6. Secretary of Agriculture (қишлоқ хўжалик котибияти)

7. Secretary of Commerce (савдо- сотиқ котибияти)

8. Secretary of Labor (иш билан таъминлаш котибияти)

9. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare (соғликни сақлаш маориф, фаровонлик котибияти)

10. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (уй жой ва шаҳар қурилиши котибияти)

11. Secretary of Transportation (Транспорт, юк ташиш котибияти).

In addition to them there are many independent agencies in the Federal Government such as the Atomic Energy agency. SPEAK

1. Speak about executive branch in the USA.

2. Speak about President and his term.

3. Describe the President's cabinet

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The legislative branch of the US government is vested in the Congress (ўз қўлида ушлайди). The Congress of the US is composed of two houses (тузилади) the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states and the House represents - the population according to its distribution among the states (тақсимланишига). The term of the Congress is two years (муддат).

The US Senate has 100 members — two from each of the 50 states. Members of the senate are elected for 6 year terms. A senator must be at least 30 years old.

The US House of Representatives has 435 members (аъзо). Each state sends its representatives according to its population. A representative must be at least 25, a US citizen for 7 years and must live in the state which he is elected. The business of Congress is to make laws (қонун чиқариш).Тhе US Constitution also gives Congress the power raise money by means of taxes or to borrow it, make rules for trade with foreign countries and between states, set up offices, organize the Armed forces, declare wars (ҳуқуқ, пул қийматини ошириш, қарз олиш, савдо қилиш қонунларини чиқариш, уруш эълон қилиш).

There are two main political parties in the USA: the Democratic

(symbolized by a «donkey») and the Republician its symbol is an

elephant (Республика партияси). The American people do not see much difference between them.

* * *

The Supreme Court consists of Chief Justice and eight Associatic Justices who are appointed for life (бутун умрга тайинланади). The Supreme Court is supposed to decide whether a law of the Congress or an executive order of the President is constitutional or not (конституцион-қонуний).

The form of the US government is based on the Constitution of September 17, 1787. It was adopted after the War of Independence. A constitution in American political language means the set of rules, laws, regulations and customs, the work of the government.

In 1974 the total-population amounted to 212 millions (бугун аҳоли етди). In the 18 century about 90 per cent of population was of Anglo-Saxon stock, most of the rest being of coloured origin (насл-зот).

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The following ten states have the largest population: California, New York, Pensylvania, Texas, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, New Gersey, Florida, Massachusets.

The most highly populated cities of the USA are New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Detroit, Houston, Baltimore, Dallas, Washington, Indianapolis.

Over 90 per cent of the present day Americans were born in the United States, assimilated into the American way of the life (қўшилгаи-ўзлаштирилган). They constitute 11 per cent of the population (ташкил қилади). The Orientals (осиёликлар) are concentrated in the Pacific States (Тинч океан ҳавзасидаги штатларида).

The member of Americans at the age of 65 and older is expected to rise from 21 mln to 29 mln. Life for women is projected (режалаштирилган) to increase from 67 to 75, for men from 65 to 69

Answer the questions:

1. What does the Supreme Court consist of?

2. When was the US Constitution adopted first?

3. What does the Constitution mean?