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2.2.10 Choose the correct variant.

1. The surface of the Earth is formed by

A. endogenous forces B. exogenous forces C. both

2. The oldest traces of life which people could find in the rock were the remains of

A. ice age mammoths B. predecessors of algae C. giant dinosaurs

3. Geological maps

A. show all geological information B. geological information from particular areas C. essential bases of all kinds of mining

4. In the present days, views on the Earth evolution and development of a man

A. have changed B. are not complete C. have not been determined

5. Geologists

A. input different geological events B. establish history of the Earth C. both

6. Applied geology deals with

A. practical application of geological science B. present day processes

C. geological maps of different areas

7. The principle of uniformitarianism means

A. natural laws of today B. present day processes C. today processes were the same in the past

3. Discussion

Discuss and comment on the following questions:

1. What does the word “geology” mean?

2. What does geology deal with?

3. How are the events in the past determined?

4. What is classical geology aimed at?

5. What forces affect the Earth’s crust?

6. How do endogenous forces affect the crust?

7. How is the balance between the endogenous and exogenous forces formed?

8. What are the obvious effects of the exogenous forces?

9. What is the principle difference between endogenous and exogenous forces?

10. What does stratigraphy deal with?

11. What is paleontology concerned with?

12. What is regional geology aimed at?

13. What does applied geology deal with?

14. Why is it possible to reconstruct the processes that happened many years ago?

4. Wordlist

4.1 Pronunciation

alga

[’ælgə]

continuity

[‚kɔntı’nju:ətı]

decipher

[dı’saıfə]

dinosaur

[’daınəus]

discipline

[’dısıplın]

endogenous

[en’dɔdʒınəs]

event

[ı’vent]

erosion

[ı’rəuʒ(ə)n]

exogenous

[ek’sɔdʒınəs]

faunal

[’fnəl]

geochemical

[‚dʒi:əu’kemıkl]

geology

[dʒı′ɔlədʒı]

geophysical

[‚dʒi:əu’fızıkl]

knowledge

[’nɔlıdʒ]

mammoth

[’mæməθ]

occur

[ə’kə:]

palaeobotany

[‚pælıəu’bɔtənı]

palaeontology

[,pælıɔn′tɔlədʒı]

palaeozoology

[‚pælıəu’zɔlədʒı]

predecessor

[’pri:dısesə]

science

[’saıəns]

stratigraphy

[strə′tıgrəfı]

succession

[sək’se∫n]

technological

[‚teknə’lɔdʒıkl]

uniformitarianism

[‚ju:nıfɔmı’tærıənızm]

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