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403

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ijh`be `bagv ]h\hjy [_a kdjhfghklb qj_a\uqZcgh bgl_j_kgmx ihegmx yjdbo kh[ulbc dhlhjuo [ue k\b^_l_e_f beb mqZklgbdhf B gbdh]^Z gb q_]h g_ aZibku\Ze : l_i_jv mkljZg_gguc `bagvx kZ`mkv aZ ^g_\gbd b ohqm ih \hafh`ghklb ZddmjZlgh aZibku\Zlv \i_qZle_gby wfb]jZglZ k himklhr_gghc ^mrhc Z ihlhfm – lmkdeu_ b \_jhylgh gb fg_ b gbdhfm

406

^jm]hfm g_ bgl_j_kgu_ Gh k\h[h^gh]h \j_f_gb fgh]h Hlq_]h [u _]h g_ bkihevah\Zlv"

>h kbo ihj g_ fh]m hkhagZlv lh]h qlh kemqbehkv AgZx qlh ihgylv \k_]h ljZ]bafZ g_ \ khklhygbb Wfb]jZgl )DWH]ODQGORVH] VDQV SDW]LH ;_a jh^bgu g_f b nj – j_^ D _s_ dZd-lh mgbabl_evgh_ – “[_`_g_p” GZ

kdhevdh e_l" ;ulv fh`_l gZ\k_]^Z«

bxgy

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kqblZxsbo k_[y j_Zevgufb iheblbdZfb

;hevr_\bdb – wlh fgh]h]heh\Zy ]b^jZ dhlhjhc gm`gh jZa[blv \k_ ]h

eh\u ihhq_j_^gh Z ke_^h\Zl_evgh gZkbevkl\_gguc ijhp_kk k\_j`_gby [hevr_\bdh\ fh`gh fukeblv ebrv ih^ [he__ beb f_g__ ^ebl_evgmx ]jZ`^Zgkdmx \hcgm l _ \ha\jZs_gb_ d l_f `_ f_lh^Zf dhlhju_ klhev

g_m^Zqgufb hdZaZebkv gZ >hgm \ Djufm Kb[bjb b l. ^

fZjlZ

K_]h^gy \_kv ^_gv [ue ih^ \i_qZle_gb_f mlj_ggbo ]Za_lguo ba\_klbc h \hkklZgbyo \ I_l_j[mj]_ b \ Fhkd\_ “Ihke_^gb_ gh\hklb” ihki_rbeb

ihf_klblv klZlvb lhj`_kl\_ggh h[ty\ey\rb_ qlh \hl lhl kihkh[ dZdbf fh`gh ba[Z\blvky hl [hevr_\bdh\ Wlh g_ [_eZy j_Zdpby Z kZf gZjh^, b

gZjh^ \uklZ\b\rbc ehamg] – “Mqj_^bl_evgh_ kh[jZgb_” Y g_ \_jbe \ \hafh`ghklv mki_oZ Fu mklZeb \_jblv : \k_-lZdb ^mfZehkv – Z\hkv

;h] g_ [_a fbehklb <_q_jhf klZeh ba\_klgh qlh \hkklZgb_ ih^Z\e_gh ?s_ fhj_ djh\b b ]b[_ev emqrbo q_eh\_q_kdbo `bag_c Gh h^bg j_amev lZl ihemqblky g_khfg_ggh [hevr_\bdb jZkklj_eb\Zxsb_ k\hbo jZ[h-

qbo, – dZjlbgZ dhlhjZy g_ fh`_l g_ ih^_ckl\h\Zlv hlj_a\eyxsbf h[jZ

ahf gZ jZ[hqbo AZiZ^Z dhlhju_ ^h kbo ihj g_ fh]ml ihgylv qlh ^bdlZlm jZ ijhe_lZjbZlZ m`_ ^Z\gh ij_\jZlbeZkv \ ^bdlZlmjm gZ^ ijhe_lZjbZlhf h[jZs_gguf \ ]heh^gh_ jZ[kl\h

Bklhjbq_kdbc Zjob\ ‹ K –73.

2. B : ;mgbg1 Fbkkby jmkkdhc wfb]jZpbb

Hlju\hd ba j_qb ijhbag_k_gghc \ IZjb`_ n_\jZey ]

Qlh ijhbahreh" Ijhbahreh \_ebdh_ iZ^_gb_ Jhkkbb Z \f_kl_ k l_f b \hh[s_ q_eh\_dZ IZ^_gb_ Jhkkbb gbq_f g_ hijZ\^u\Z_lky G_ba[_`gZ

407

[ueZ jmkkdZy j_\hexpby beb g_l" GbdZdhc g_ba[_`ghklb dhg_qgh g_ [ueh b[h g_kfhljy gZ __ g_^hklZldb Jhkkby p\_eZ jhkeZ kh kdZahqghc [ukljhc jZa\b\ZeZkv b \b^hbaf_gyeZkv \h \k_o hlghr_gbyo J_\hexpby ]h\hjyl [ueZ g_ba[_`gZ b[h gZjh^ `Z`^Ze a_feb b lZbe g_gZ\bklv d k\h_fm [u\r_fm ]hkih^bgm b \hh[s_ d ]hkih^Zf Gh ihq_fm `_ wlZ [m^ lh [u g_ba[_`gZy j_\hexpby g_ dhkgmeZkv gZijbf_j Ihevrb Ebl\u" Beb lZf g_ [ueh [ZjbgZ g_l g_^hklZldZ \ a_fe_ b \hh[s_ \kydh]h g_jZ \_gkl\Z" B ih dZdhc ijbqbg_ mqZkl\h\ZeZ \ j_\hexpbb b \h \k_o __ a\_j kl\Zo Kb[bjv k __ ^hihlhiguf h[beb_f dj_ihklguo ma" G_l g_ba[_`gh klb g_ [ueh Z ^_eh [ueh \k_-lZdb k^_eZgh b dZd b ih^ dZdbf agZf_g_f"

K^_eZgh hgh [ueh m`ZkZxs_ b agZfy bo [ueh b _klv bgl_jgZpbhgZevgh_ lh _klv ij_l_g^mxs__ [ulv agZf_g_f \k_o gZpbc b ^Zlv fbjm \aZf_g kdjb`Ze_c kbgZckdbo b GZ]hjghc ijhih\_^b \aZf_g ^j_\gbo [h`_kdbo mklZ\h\ g_qlh gh\h_ b ^vy\hevkdh_ ;ueZ Jhkkby [ue \_ebdbc ehfb\ rbcky hl \kydh]h kdZj[Z ^hf gZk_e_gguc h]jhfguf b fh]mqbf k_f_ckl \hf kha^Zgguc [eZ]hkeh\_ggufb ljm^Zfb fgh]bo b fgh]bo ihdhe_gbc hk\_s_gguc [h]hihqblZgb_f iZfylvx h ijhrehf b \k_f l_f qlh gZau \Z_lky dmevlhf b dmevlmjhc Qlh `_ k gbf k^_eZeb" AZieZlbeb aZ k\_j`_ gb_ ^hfhijZ\bl_ey b iheguf jZa]jhfhf [md\Zevgh \k_]h ^hfZ b g_keu oZgguf [jZlhm[bckl\hf \k_f l_f djh\Z\h-dhrfZjguf [ZeZ]Zghf qm^h

\bsgu_ ihke_^kl\by dhlhjh]h g_bkqbkebfu b [ulv fh`_l \h\_db g_ih ijZ\bfu B dhrfZj wlhl l_f m`Zkg__ qlh hg ^Z`_ \kyq_kdb ijhkeZ\ey_l ky \ha\h^blky \ i_je khagZgby b ]h^Zfb ^eblky ijb iheghf ihimklbl_ev kl\_ \k_]h fbjZ dhlhjuc m`_ ^Z\gh ^he`_g [ue [u dj_klh\uf ihoh^hf b^lb gZ Fhkd\m

Qlh ijhbahreh" DZd gb [_amfgZ [ueZ j_\hexpby \h \j_fy \_ebdhc \hcgu h]jhfgh_ qbkeh [m^msbo [_euo jZlgbdh\ b wfb]jZglh\ ijbgyeh __ Gh\uc ^hfhijZ\bl_ev hdZaZeky m`Zkguf ih k\h_c \kyq_kdhc g_]h^gh klb h^gZdh qmlv g_ \k_ fu ]jm^vx aZsbsZeb _]h Gh Jhkkby ih^`b]Z_ fZy “ieZg_lZjguf” aeh^__f \ha\h^ysbf jZagma^Zgghklv \eZklb q_jgb b

\k_ kZfu_ gbadb_ k\hckl\Z __ \ j_eb]bx Jhkkby m`_ khreZ k mfZ – kZf fbgbklj-ij_ab^_gl gZ Fhkdh\kdhf kh\_sZgbb \ Z\]mkl_ ] aZy\be

qlh m`_ aZj_]bkljbjh\Zgh ^_kylv lukyq a\_jkdbo b [_kkfuke_gguo gZ jh^guo “kZfhkm^h\” : qlh [ueh aZl_f" ;ueh \_ebqZcr__ \ fbj_ ihijZ

gb_ b [_kq_klb_ \k_o hkgh\ q_eh\_q_kdh]h kms_kl\h\Zgby IeZg_lZjguc `_ aeh^_c hk_g_gguc agZf_g_f k ba^_\Zl_evkdbf ijbau\hf d k\h[h^_ [jZlkl\m b jZ\_gkl\m \ukhdh kb^_e gZ r__ jmkkdh]h ^bdZjy b \_kv fbj ijbau\Ze \ ]jyav lhilZlv kh\_klv klu^ ex[h\v fbehk_j^b_ \ ijZo ^jh [blv kdjb`Zeb Fhbk_y b OjbklZ klZ\blv iZfylgbdb Bm^_ b DZbgm mqblv k_fv aZih\_^_c E_gbgZ B ^bdZjv \k_ ^jh[be \k_ lhilZe b ^Z`_ ^_jagme

gZ lh q_fm m`Zkgmeky [u kZf ^vy\he hg \lhj]ky \ K\ylZy k\yluo k\h_c

408

jh^bgu dhkgmeky jZdb Ij_ih^h[gh]h K_j]by ]jh[Z i_j_^ dhlhjuf \_ dZfb ih\_j]Zebkv p_eu_ khgfu jmkkdbo ^mr \ kZfu_ \ukhdb_ f]gh\_gby bo a_fgh]h kms_kl\h\Zgby ;h`_ b wlh \hl d wlhfm kZfhfm ^bdZjx ^he `_g y b^lb gZ ihdehg b gZ kem`_gb_" Wlh hg [m^_l ^_j`Z\guf ohaybghf \k_y gh\hc Jmkb hkms_kl\b\rbf k\hb “aZ\_lgu_ qZygby” aZ kq_l khk_^Z

aZj_aZggh]h bf aZ ihe^_kylbgm ebrg_c “a_f_evdb”" < ijhrehf ]h^m

qblZy \ Khj[hgg_ y ijb\h^be keh\Z \_ebdh]h jmkkdh]h bklhjbdZ Dexq_\ kdh]h “Dhg_p jmkkdhfm ]hkm^Zjkl\m [m^_l lh]^Z dh]^Z jZajmrZlky gZrb

gjZ\kl\_ggu_ hkgh\u dh]^Z ih]Zkgml eZfiZ^u gZ^ ]jh[gbp_c K_j]by Ij_ih^h[gh]h b aZdjhxlky \jZlZ ?]h EZ\ju” Hkgh\u jZajmr_gu \jZlZ

aZdjulu eZfiZ^u ih]Zr_gu Gh [_a wlbo eZfiZ^ g_ [u\Zlv jmkkdhc a_f e_ – b g_evay ij_klmigh kem`blv __ lvf_

;mgbg B. : HdZyggu_ ^gb <hkihfbgZgby KlZlvb F K –353.

3. GbdheZc ;_j^y_\2 Km^v[Z Jhkkbb

ba\e_q_gby

K ^Z\gbo \j_f_g [ueh ij_^qm\kl\b_ qlh Jhkkby ij_^gZagZq_gZ d q_ fm-lh \_ebdhfm qlh Jhkkby – hkh[_ggZy kljZgZ g_ ihoh`Zy gb gZ dZdmx

kljZgm fbjZ JmkkdZy gZpbhgZevgZy fukev iblZeZkv qm\kl\hf [h]hba [jZgghklb b [h]hghkghklb Jhkkbb B^_l wlh hl klZjhc b^_b Fhkd\u dZd lj_lv_]h JbfZ q_j_a keZ\yghnbevkl\h d >hklh_\kdhfm <eZ^bfbjm Kh eh\v_\m b d kh\j_f_gguf g_hkeZ\yghnbeZf D b^_yf wlh]h ihjy^dZ ijb ebieh fgh]h nZevrb b e`b gh hljZabehkv \ gbo b qlh-lh ih^ebggh gZ

jh^gh_ ih^ebggh jmkkdh_ G_ fh`_l q_eh\_d \kx `bagv qm\kl\h\Zlv dZ dh_-lh hkh[_ggh_ b \_ebdh_ ijba\Zgb_ b hkljh khagZ\Zlv _]h \ i_jbh^u

gZb[hevr_]h ^moh\gh]h ih^t_fZ _keb q_eh\_d wlhl gb d q_fm agZqbl_ev ghfm g_ ijba\Zg b g_ ij_^gZagZq_g Wlh [bheh]bq_kdb g_\hafh`gh G_ \hafh`gh wlh b \ `bagb p_eh]h gZjh^Z

>ey gZk kZfbo Jhkkby hklZ_lky g_jZa]Z^Zgghc lZcghc Jhkkby ijhlb \hj_qb\Z >mrZ Jhkkbb g_ ihdju\Z_lky gbdZdbfb ^hdljbgZfb

Jhkkby – kZfZy [_a]hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy kZfZy ZgZjobq_kdZy kljZgZ \ fb j_ B jmkkdbc gZjh^ – kZfuc Ziheblbq_kdbc gZjh^ gbdh]^Z g_ mf_\rbc mkljZb\Zlv k\hx a_fex

Jhkkby – kZfZy ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy b kZfZy [xjhdjZlbq_kdZy kljZgZ \

fbj_ \k_ \ Jhkkbb ij_\jZsZ_lky \ hjm^b_ iheblbdb Jmkkdbc gZjh^ kha ^Ze fh]ms_kl\_gg_cr__ \ fbj_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h \_ebqZcrmx bfi_jbx K B\ZgZ DZeblu ihke_^h\Zl_evgh b mihjgh kh[bjZeZkv Jhkkby b ^hklb]eZ jZaf_jh\ ihljykZxsbo \hh[jZ`_gb_ \k_o gZjh^h\ fbjZ

409