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^hfkl\_ggu_ b f_klgbq_kdb_ [Zjv_ju Klj_fe_gb_ k^_eZlv ^hklhygb_f h[s_kl\_gghklb l_ beb bgu_ g_^hklZldb aehmihlj_[e_gby nZdlu [xjh djZlbafZ b dhfq\Zgkl\Z ^jm]b_ g_]Zlb\gu_ y\e_gby gZlZedb\Z_lky gZ Z^fbgbkljZlb\gh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ G_ khdjZsZ_lky qbkeh ibk_f ljm^y sboky k jZaebqgh]h jh^Z `Zeh[Zfb \ iZjlbcgu_ hj]Zgu b kj_^kl\Z fZk kh\hc bgnhjfZpbb >h kbo ihj bf_xl f_klh ij_ke_^h\Zgby b ^Z`_ jZk-

ijZ\u aZ djblbdm G_ ba`blu kemqZb dh]^Z ]eZkghklv bkihevam_lky \ bg l_j_kZo ebqguo b ]jmiih\uo Zf[bpbc qlh jZajmrZ_l ghjfZevgu_ k\yab \aZbfgh]h h[s_gby b lh\Zjbs_kdhc lj_[h\Zl_evghklb f_`^m ex^vfb G_ \k_]^Z ijh\h^blky \ `bagv g_hlt_fe_fuc ijbgpbi ih^ebgghc ]eZkghklb aZdexqZxsbcky \ lhf qlh k\h[h^Z \ujZ`_gby fg_gbc ^he`gZ kem`blv ^_em \ha\ur_gby ebqghklb b h]jZ`^_gbx __ ^hklhbgkl\Z Z g_ mgb`_gbx __ ihkj_^kl\hf gZ\_lh\ b hkdhj[bl_evguo yjeudh\«

Dhgn_j_gpby \b^bl g_hleh`gmx aZ^Zqm iZjlbb \ lhf qlh[u \k_ f_jgh kihkh[kl\h\Zlv ml\_j`^_gbx b jZa\blbx hkgh\guo ijbgpbih\ ]eZkghklb g_hlt_fe_fh]h ijZ\Z dZ`^h]h ]jZ`^ZgbgZ gZ ihemq_gb_ ih ex[hfm \hijhkm h[s_kl\_gghc `bagb iheghc b ^hklh\_jghc bgnhjfZ pbb g_ khklZ\eyxs_c ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc b \h_gghc lZcgu ijZ\Z gZ hl djulh_ b k\h[h^gh_ h[km`^_gb_ ex[h]h h[s_kl\_ggh agZqbfh]h \hijhkZ

Dhgn_j_gpby hlf_qZ_l qlh ijbf_jhf bgbpbZlb\u \ jZa\_jlu\Zgbb ]eZkghklb ijba\ZgZ [ulv iZjlby«

Dhgn_j_gpby hlf_qZ_l \Z`gmx jhev kj_^kl\ fZkkh\hc bgnhjfZpbb

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346

ghklv ij_^iheZ]Z_l khpbZevgmx ijZ\h\mx b fhjZevgmx hl\_lkl\_gghklv kj_^kl\ fZkkh\hc bgnhjfZpbb G_ij_f_ggufb lj_[h\Zgbyfb \ wlhc kn_ j_ ^he`gu [ulv \ukhdZy b^_cghklv b gjZ\kl\_gghklv dhfi_l_glghklv kljh]h_ kh[ex^_gb_ ijhn_kkbhgZevghc wlbdb [_amkeh\gZy ^hklh\_j ghklv bgnhjfZpbb ijZ\h ^ey dZ`^h]h ]jZ`^ZgbgZ ih^\_j]gmlh]h djblb-

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fZ Ke_^m_l h[t_dlb\gh [_a bkdZ`_gbc hljZ`Zlv \ kj_^kl\Zo fZkkh\hc bgnhjfZpbb lhqdb aj_gby \k_o kihjysbo klhjhg Gbdlh g_ bf__l fhgh-

ihebb gZ bklbgm g_ ^he`gh [ulv b fhghihebb gZ ]eZkghklv

Dhgn_j_gpby kqblZ_l qlh ]eZkghklv iheghklvx hijZ\^ZeZ k_[y __ gm`gh \k_f_jgh jZa\b\Zlv b ^Zevr_ < wlbo p_eyo kqblZlv g_h[oh^bfuf kha^Zlv ijZ\h\u_ ]ZjZglbb ]eZkghklb ^ey q_]h ij_^mkfhlj_lv aZdj_ie_ gb_ \ dhgklblmpbhgghf ihjy^d_ ijZ\Z ]jZ`^Zg KKKJ gZ bgnhjfZpbx JZajZ[hlZlv aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_ Zdlu hij_^_eyxsb_ ijZ\Z b h[yaZgghklb ]hkm^Zjkl\Z ^he`ghklguo ebp b ]jZ`^Zg ih j_ZebaZpbb ijbgpbih\ ]eZk ghklb Kha^Zlv kbkl_fm ihklhyggh]h b ihegh]h bgnhjfbjh\Zgby ljm^y sboky h iheh`_gbb ^_e gZ ij_^ijbylbb \ k_e_ beb ]hjh^_ h[eZklb j_k im[ebd_ kljZg_ xjb^bq_kdb aZdj_ib\ ijZ\h ]jZ`^Zg kj_^kl\ fZkkh\hc bgnhjfZpbb ljm^h\uo dhee_dlb\h\ h[s_kl\_gguo hj]ZgbaZpbc ihem qZlv bgl_j_kmxsb_ bo k\_^_gby Q_ldh hij_^_eblv ij_^_eu g_h[oh^bfhc k_dj_lghklb kem`_[guo lZcg mklZgh\blv hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ jZkijh kljZg_gb_ k\_^_gbc khklZ\eyxsbo ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggmx b \h_ggmx lZcgm gZjmrZxsbo aZdhggu_ ijZ\Z ]jZ`^Zg gZghkysbo ms_j[ h[s_kl\_gghfm ihjy^dm [_ahiZkghklb a^hjh\vx b gjZ\kl\_gghklb gZk_e_gby Z lZd`_ hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ \hkij_iylkl\h\Zgb_ j_ZebaZpbb ijZ\Z ]jZ`^Zg gZ bg nhjfZpbx aZ __ khdjulb_ bkdZ`_gb_ b g_ijZ\hf_jgh_ mihlj_[e_gb_«

;_a ]eZkghklb g_l i_j_kljhcdb g_l ^_fhdjZlbb =eZkghklv – _kl_kl

\_ggZy Zlfhkn_jZ `bagb b ijh]j_kkZ ^_fhdjZlbq_kdh]h ]mfZggh]h kh pbZebafZ«

;,; <k_khxagZy dhgn_j_gpby Dhffmgbklbq_kdhc iZjlbb Kh\_lkdh]h KhxaZ L F., 1988.

> =jZgbg3 Dh]h fu ijyq_f"AZq_f"

ba\e_q_gby

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347

`_kl\Z ihklhygghc jZ[hlu kh\_klb J_ZevgZy `bagv g_ba[_`gh ijb\h^bl d g_dhlhjuf dhfijhfbkkZf Ihlhfm qlh h^_j`bfhklv ijZ\^hc – wlh

\_sv g_i_j_ghkbfZy Y agZx lZdbo ex^_c b jZ[hlZlv jy^hf k gbfb `blv k gbfb – lZdbfb hkZlZg_eufb nZgZlbdZfb ijZ\^u – hq_gv ly`_eh H[ud

gh\_ggZy q_eh\_q_kdZy `bagv dhlhjZy ^hklZ\ey_l kqZklv_ b m^h\hevkl\b_ hdjm`Zxsbf dhlhjZy memqrZ_l gjZ\kl\_gguc debfZl g_ fh`_l [ulv `_klhdhc \ lj_[h\Zgbb Z[khexlghc ijZ\^u < wlhc ghjfZevghc `bagb g_ba[_`gh ijhbkoh^yl dZdb_-lh dhfijhfbkku qlh-lh fu ^he`gu ijh

sZlv [ebadbf \ q_f-lh gZ^h b^lb gZ mklmidb >h[jh b ijhy\ey_l k_[y \ mklmidZo b \ ijhs_gbb”.

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gjZ\kl\_gghklv – kh]eZrZl_evkl\h dhfm \u ijhkbl_ kgbkoh`^_gby l_f dlh kgh\Z ohq_l e]Zlv b h[fZgu\Zlv"” B lZd ^Ze__ b lhfm ih^h[gh_ Y-

lh bf_e \ \b^m ijbf_ju ex^_c agZdhfuo dhgdj_lguo i_j_^h fghc [ue `bag_gguc ijbf_j ij_djZkgh]h om^h`gbdZ IZ\eZ GbdheZ_\bqZ Nbehgh \Z q_eh\_dZ h^_j`bfh]h bkklmie_ggh ij_^Zggh]h k\h_fm bkdmkkl\m b \ lh `_ \j_fy Z[khexlgh]h jb]hjbklZ Hg bafmqbe b k_[y b k\hbo [eb`gbo g_l_jibfhklvx d fZe_crbf hlklmie_gbyf hl ijbgpbih\ @be \ijh]h eh^v g_ `_eZy ijh^Z\Zlv k\hb dZjlbgu kh\_lkdbf hj]ZgbaZpbyf aZ ^_gv ]b Wlhl Zkd_lbaf lZd bklhsbe _]h qlh hg ih]b[ \ kZfhf gZqZe_ e_gbg-

]jZ^kdhc [ehdZ^u \ i_j\uo qbkeZo ^_dZ[jy ] ;ueZ i_j_^h fghc b bamjh^h\ZggZy `bagv fh_]h ^jm]Z ; dhlhjh]h lh b ^_eh ebrZeb jZ[hlu ba-aZ g_m^_j`bfh]h `_eZgby \ukdZau\Zlv ijZ\^m \k_f ;he__ `_ \k_]h

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aZ]h\hjbeb gZi_j_[hc dh]^Z klZeh fh`gh Z q_]h `_ \ ij_`gb_ ]h^u \u ihfZedb\Zeb b ih^^Zdb\Zeb" Ihq_fm gb h^bg ba ibkZl_e_c g_ \uklmibe ijhlb\ \hcgu \ :n]ZgbklZg_"”.

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bo iZfylv beb ihegh_ g_\_^_gb_ f_gy bamfeyxl – g_m`_eb hgb g_ agZxl

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ij_^ty\beZ aZf_qZgbc Wlh [ueh \ ] Ihke_ \k_o ij_^\Zjb

348

l_evguo \uq_jdh\ j_^ZdlhjZ Wlh \ “Gh\hf fbj_” Gb h^bg ba e_gbg

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gb_ m fheh^uo g_ ih^]hlh\e_gh L_ dlh g_ ijh`be g_ bkiulZe gbq_]h h ijhrehf g_ agZxl b bf g_hldm^Z wlh magZlv < mq_[gbdZo bklhjbb g_l bklhjbb kljZoZ b e`b b[h bklhjby gZr_c kh\_lkdhc `bagb g_ gZibkZgZ < ebl_jZlmj_ lh`_ lhevdh k_cqZk gZqbgZxl im[ebdh\Zlvky \_sb gZib kZggu_ dh]^Z-lh Hldm^Z bf \hijhrZxsbf agZlv ih^jh[ghklb gZr_]h

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^hklZlhqgh keh`gZy ijh[e_fZ Y g_ [_jmkv __ j_rZlv J_rZlv __ gZ^h khh[sZ LZdhc jZa]h\hj gZ^h \_klb g_ Z[kljZdlgh Z gZ ijbf_jZo dhg dj_lguo q_eh\_q_kdbo km^_[ G_evay `_ kgh\Z i_j_oh^blv d fZkkh\uf j_ij_kkbyf Bf_ggh – fZkkh\uf fu \_^v \k_ ohly b \ jZaghc kl_i_gb gh

349