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jmdh\h^kl\h KhxaZ g_baf_ggh ijhy\eyeh k_[y i_j\uf kj_^b ]hgbl_e_c Bf_gZ dhlhju_ khklZ\yl mdjZr_gb_ gZr_c ebl_jZlmju ;; \_dZ hdZaZebkv \ kibkd_ bkdexq_gguo ba KhxaZ eb[h ^Z`_ g_ ijbgyluo \ g_]h

L_f [he__ jmdh\h^kl\h KhxaZ fZeh^mrgh ihdb^Zeh \ [_^_ l_o qv_ ij_ke_^h\Zgb_ hdhgqbehkv kkuedhc eZ]_j_f kf_jlvx IZ\_e <Zkbev_\ FZg^_evrlZf :jl_f <_k_euc Ibevgyd ;Z[_ev LZ[b^a_ AZ[hehpdbc b ^jm]b_ Wlhl i_j_q_gv fu \ugm`^_ggh h[ju\Z_f keh\Zfb “b ^jm]b_” –

fu magZeb ihke_ ;; kt_a^Z qlh bo [ueh [he__ r_klbkhl – gb \ q_f g_ \bgh\Zluo ibkZl_e_c dh]h Khxa ihkemrgh hl^Ze bo lxj_fgh-eZ]_jghc

km^v[_ H^gZdh k\blhd wlhl _s_ ^ebgg_c _]h aZdjm]eb\rbcky dhg_p g_ ijhqblu\Z_lky b gbdh]^Z g_ ijhql_lky gZrbfb ]eZaZfb \ g_f aZibkZgu bf_gZ b lZdbo fheh^uo ijhaZbdh\ b ihwlh\ dZdbo ebrv kemqZcgh fu fh]eb magZlv ba ebqguo \klj_q qvb ^Zjh\Zgby ih]b[eb \ eZ]_jyo g_jZk p\_lrbfb qvb ijhba\_^_gby g_ ihreb ^Zevr_ dZ[bg_lh\ ]hk[_ahiZkgh klb Y]h^u–?`h\Z–;_jbb–:[Zdmfh\Z

Gh\hba[jZgghfm jmdh\h^kl\m KhxaZ g_l gbdZdhc bklhjbq_kdhc g_h[ oh^bfhklb jZa^_eylv kh klZjuf jmdh\h^kl\hf hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ ijhreh_

Y ij_^eZ]Zx q_ldh knhjfmebjh\Zlv \ imgdl_ MklZ\Z KKI \k_ l_ ]ZjZglbb dhlhju_ ij_^hklZ\ey_l Khxa qe_gZf k\hbf ih^\_j]rbfky de_\_l_ b g_kijZ\_^eb\uf ij_ke_^h\Zgbyf – k l_f qlh[ g_\hafh`guf

klZeh ih\lhj_gb_ [_aaZdhgbc

?keb kt_a^ g_ ijhc^_l jZ\gh^mrgh fbfh kdZaZggh]h y ijhrm h[jZ lblv \gbfZgb_ gZ aZij_lu b ij_ke_^h\Zgby bkiulu\Z_fu_ ebqgh fghx

1. Fhc jhfZg “< djm]_ i_j\hf” Z\l ebklh\ kdhjh ^\Z ]h^Z dZd hl

gyl m f_gy ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc [_ahiZkghklvx b wlbf aZ^_j`b\Z_lky _]h hldjulh_ j_^Zdpbhggh_ ^\b`_gb_ GZijhlb\ _s_ ijb fh_c `bagb \h ij_db fh_c \he_ b ^Z`_ [_a fh_]h \_^hfZ wlhl jhfZg “ba^Zg” ijhlb\h_k

l_kl\_gguf “aZdjuluf” ba^Zgb_f ^ey ql_gby \ ba[jZgghf g_gZau\Z_

fhf djm]m Fhc jhfZg klZe ^hklmi_g ebl_jZlmjguf qbgh\gbdZf hl [hevrbgkl\Z `_ ibkZl_e_c _]h ijyqml >h[blvky hldjulh]h h[km`^_gby jhfZgZ \ ibkZl_evkdbo k_dpbyo hl\jZlblv aehmihlj_[e_gby b ieZ]bZl y g_ \ kbeZo

2. <f_kl_ k jhfZghf m f_gy hlh[jZg b ebl_jZlmjguc Zjob\ –15-

e_lg_c ^Z\ghklb \_sb g_ ij_^gZagZqZ\rb_ky d i_qZlb L_i_jv aZdjulh “ba^Zgu” b \ lhf `_ djm]m jZkijhkljZgyxlky l_g^_gpbhagu_ ba\e_q_gby

ba wlh]h Zjob\Z Iv_kZ “Ibj ih[_^bl_e_c” gZibkZggZy fghx \ klboZo

gZbamklv \ eZ]_j_ dh]^Z y oh^be ih^ q_lujvfy ghf_jZfb b ^Z\gh ihdb gmlZy – l_i_jv ijbibku\Z_lky fg_ dZd fhy kZfhgh\_crZy jZ[hlZ

3. M`_ ljb ]h^Z \_^_lky ijhlb\ f_gy \kx \hcgm ijh\h_\Z\r_]h dh fZg^bjhf [ZlZj_b gZ]jZ`^_ggh]h [h_\ufb hj^_gZfb [_ahl\_lkl\_ggZy

325

de_\_lZ qlh hl[u\Ze kjhd ydh[u dZd m]heh\gbd beb k^Zeky \ ie_g y lZf gbdh]^Z g_ [ue b “baf_gbe Jh^bg_”, “kem`be m g_fp_\” LZd bklhedh\u

\Zxlky e_l fhbo eZ]_j_c b kkuedb dm^Z y ihiZe aZ djblbdm KlZebgZ WlZ de_\_lZ \_^_lky gZ aZdjuluo bgkljmdlZ`Zo b kh[jZgbyo ex^vfb aZ gbfZ\rbfb hnbpbZevgu_ ihklu Ls_lgh y iulZeky hklZgh\blv de_\_lm h[jZs_gb_f \ KKI JKNKJ b \ i_qZlv ijZ\e_gb_ ^Z`_ g_ hldebdgmehkv gb h^gZ ]Za_lZ g_ gZi_qZlZeZ hl\_lZ de_\_lgbdZf GZijhlb\ ihke_^gbc ]h^ de_\_lZ k ljb[mg ijhlb\ f_gy mkbebeZkv h`_klhqbeZkv bkihevamy bkdZ`_ggu_ fZl_jbZeu dhgnbkdh\Zggh]h fh_]h Zjob\Z Y `_ ebr_g \ha fh`ghklb gZ g__ hl\_lblv

4. Fhy ih\_klv “JZdh\uc dhjimk” Z\lhjkdbo ebklh\ h^h[j_ggZy d i_qZlb qZklv k_dpb_c ijhau fhkdh\kdhc ibkZl_evkdhc hj]ZgbaZpbb g_

fh`_l [ulv ba^ZgZ gb hl^_evgufb ]eZ\Zfb hl\_j]gmlZ \ `mjgZeZo gb l_f [he__ p_ebdhf hl\_j]gmlZ “Gh\uf fbjhf”, “A\_a^hc”, “Ijhklhjhf”).

5.Iv_kZ “He_gv b rZeZr_\dZ” ijbgylZy l_Zljhf “Kh\j_f_ggbd” \

] ^h kbo ihj g_ jZaj_r_gZ d ihklZgh\d_

6.Dbghkp_gZjbc “AgZxl bklbgm lZgdb” iv_kZ “K\_l dhlhjuc \ l_[_”, f_edb_ jZkkdZau g_ fh]ml gZclb k_[_ gb ihklZgh\sbdZ gb ba^Zl_ey

7.Fhb jZkkdZau i_qZlZ\rb_ky \ `mjgZe_ “Gh\uc fbj” g_ i_j_ba^Z gu hl^_evghc dgb]hc gb jZam hl\_j]Zxlky \kx^m “Kh\_lkdbc ibkZl_ev”, =hkeblba^Zl “;b[ebhl_dZ H]hgvdZ” b lZdbf h[jZahf g_^hklmigu ^ey rbjhdh]h qblZl_ey

8.Ijb wlhf fg_ aZij_sZxlky b \kydb_ ^jm]b_ dhglZdlu k qblZl_eyfb

im[ebqgh_ ql_gb_ hlju\dh\ \ ghy[j_ ] ba lZdbo m`_ ^h]h\hjguo \uklmie_gbc \ ihke_^gbc fhf_gl aZij_s_gh beb ql_gb_ ih jZ^bh >Z ijhklh ^Zlv jmdhibkv “ijhq_klv b i_j_ibkZlv” m gZk l_i_jv ih^ m]heh\

guf aZij_lhf ^j_\g_jmkkdbf ibkpZf klhe_lbc gZaZ^ wlh jZaj_rZehkv

LZd fhy jZ[hlZ hdhgqZl_evgh aZ]emr_gZ aZfdgmlZ b h[he]ZgZ Ijb lZdhf ]jm[hf gZjmr_gbb fhbo Z\lhjkdbo b “^jm]bo” ijZ\ \havf_lky beb

g_ \havf_lky ,9 kt_a^ aZsblblv f_gy" Fg_ dZ`_lky wlhl \u[hj g_fZeh \Z`_g b ^ey dh_-dh]h ba ^_e_]Zlh\

Y kihdh_g dhg_qgh qlh k\hx ibkZl_evkdmx aZ^Zqm y \uihegx ijb \k_o h[klhyl_evkl\Zo Z ba fh]beu _s_ mki_rg__ b g_hkihjbf__ q_f `b \hc Gbdhfm g_ i_j_]hjh^blv iml_c ijZ\^u b aZ ^\b`_gb_ __ y ]hlh\ ijbgylv kf_jlv Gh fh`_l [ulv b fgh]b_ mjhdb gZmqZl gZk gZdhg_p g_ hklZgZ\eb\Zlv i_jZ ibkZl_ey ijb `bagb"

Wlh _s_ gb jZam g_ mdjZkbeh gZrm bklhjbx.

Ih]jm`_gb_ \ ljykbgm :gZlhfby aZklhy F K 684–687.

326

29. IjbdZa ‹ -^_i =eZ\eblZ h[ batylbb ba [b[ebhl_d b dgb]hlhj]h\hc k_lb ijhba\_^_gbc : B Khe`_gbpbgZ

n_\jZey ].

>ey kem`_[gh]h ihevah\Zgby

] Fhkd\Z

Batylv ba [b[ebhl_d h[s_]h ihevah\Zgby b dgb]hlhj]h\hc k_lb ke_ ^mxsb_ hl^_evgh ba^Zggu_ ijhba\_^_gby Khe`_gbpugZ : B Z lZd`_

`mjgZeu ]^_ hgb [ueb him[ebdh\Zgu

H^bg ^_gv B\ZgZ >_gbkh\bqZ Ih\_klv < `mjg “Gh\uc fbj”. 1962.

‹

Lh `_ Ih\_klv F : =hkeblba^Zl k JhfZg-]Za_lZ ‹ 1(277)).

wda

Lh `_ Ih\_klv F : “Kh\_lkdbc ibkZl_ev” k 100.000 wda

Lh `_ Ih\_klv < -o dgb]Zo F Mqi_^]ba Dg e 250 wda >ey ke_iuo

Lh `_ Dg e wda >ey ke_iuo

Lh `_ Ih\_klv I_j : IZdZevgbk <bevgxk: =hkeblba^Zl

191 k wda GZ eblh\kdhf ya

Lh `_ Ih\_klv I_j k jmkkdh]h E F_jb b ? KZj\ LZeebg =Za_lgh-

`mjg ba^-\h k ;-dZ “Ehhfbg]” ‹ wda GZ wklhgkdhf ya

>\Z jZkkdZaZ KemqZc gZ klZgpbb Dj_q_lh\dZ FZlj_gbg ^\hj < `mjg “Gh\uc fbj”. 1963. ‹

>ey ihevau ^_eZ JZkkdZa < `mjg “Gh\uc fbj”. 1963. ‹ .

Lh `_ K jmkkdh]h yaudZ i_j H Bg]b LZeebg: =Za_lgh-`mjg ba^-\h 1964. k ;-dZ “Ehhfbg]” ‹ (358/359)) wda GZ wklhg- kdhf ya

AZoZj-DZeblZ JZkkdZa < `mjg “Gh\uc fbj”. 1966. ‹

Batylbx ih^e_`Zl lZd`_ bghkljZggu_ ba^Zgby \ lhf qbke_ `mjgZeu b ]Za_lu k ijhba\_^_gbyfb mdZaZggh]h Z\lhjZ

I JhfZgh\

Hkgh\Zgb_ MdZaZgb_ PD DIKK hl ] ih^ ‹ hl ].Dgb]Z b ^jm]b_ im[ebdZpbb

Bklhjby kh\_lkdhc iheblbq_kdhc p_gamju« K 587–588.

327

30. Ba ibkvfZ X Hjeh\Z =_g_jZevghfm K_dj_lZjx PD DIKK E B ;j_`g_\m “I_j_clb d iheghc k\h[h^_ \ kn_j_ b^_c”

ghy[jy ]

=em[hdhm\Z`Z_fuc E_hgb^ Bevbq

Ihy\e_gb_ wlbo \hijhkh\ [ueh \ua\Zgh dZfiZgb_c ijhlb\ ZdZ^_fbdZ : > KZoZjh\Z11.

1. GZrb mq_gu_ ihemqZxl ijb[ebabl_evgh Gh[_e_\kdbo ij_fbc

ih nmg^Zf_glZevguf gZmdZf M gZk _klv b aZf_qZl_evgu_ bkke_^h\Zl_eb b aZf_qZl_evgu_ j_amevlZlu Gh <u ^he`gu j_Zebklbq_kdb hp_gb\Zlv kblmZpbx \ p_ehf < p_ehf `_ jZaju\ \ qbke_ b dZq_kl\_ hldjulbc g_ khdjZsZ_lky G_ kqblZ_l_ eb <u qlh wlh ]h\hjbl h[ hiZkghf bgl_ee_dlm Zevghf hlklZ\Zgbb kljZgu ih kjZ\g_gbx k ^jm]bfb jZa\blufb kljZgZfb"

2. Bklhjbq_kdb_ nZdlu lZdh\u qlh gh\Zy gZmqgZy b ijhfure_ggZy

j_\hexpby gZqZeZkv b bgl_gkb\gh ijh^he`Z_lky gZ AZiZ^_ b qlh gZrZ ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy nbehkhnby ^he]h [hjheZkv ijhlb\ \k_o hkgh\guo gZ ijZ\e_gbc kh\j_f_gghc fukeb l_hjbb hlghkbl_evghklb d\Zglh\hc l_h jbb ]_g_lbdb db[_jg_lbdb L_i_jv wlb ijh\Zeu ij_^ihqblZxl g_ \kih fbgZlv H^gZdh gZmqgZy j_\hexpby ^Ze_dh _s_ g_ aZdhgqbeZkv Ijbq_f lhqgu_ gZmdb ijh^he`Zxl \lhj`_gb_ \ lZdb_ h[eZklb agZgbc dhlhju_ gZrZ b^_heh]by \k_ _s_ jZkkfZljb\Z_l dZd g_ ih^e_`Zs__ i_j_kfhljm “gZmqgh_ fZjdkbklkdh_ fbjh\haaj_gb_” Ihiuldb h[t_dlb\gh]h ZgZebaZ

\ wlbo h[eZklyo jZkkfZljb\Zxlky dZd ihky]Zl_evkl\h gZ ]hkm^Zjkl\h B^_heh]bq_kdZy g_l_jibfhklv lZdh]h khjlZ \ p_ehf h]jZgbqb\Z_l gZrb kihkh[ghklb d keh`ghfm fure_gbx b g_ij_^\aylhc hp_gd_ hiulZ G_ kqblZ_l_ eb <u qlh ih wlhc ijbqbg_ gZr_ bgl_ee_dlmZevgh_ hlklZ\Zgb_ [m^_l ijh^he`Zlvky b \ [m^ms_f"

«Gh gZrZ b^_heh]by ghkbl kh\k_f ^jm]hc oZjZdl_j HgZ gZau\Z_l k_[y “gZmqghc” qlh hiZkgh ^ey ex[hc b^_heh]bb lZd dZd gZmqgu_ bklb

gu kihkh[gu ij_l_ji_\Zlv dhj_ggu_ baf_g_gby Wlh \j_^gh b ^ey gZmdb dhlhjmx b^_heh]by klj_fblky aZdhgk_j\bjh\Zlv Qlh `_ dZkZ_lky ]hkm ^Zjkl\Z lh ih^^_j`b\Zy lZdmx b^_heh]bx \k_fb bf_xsbfbky m g_]h kj_^kl\Zfb hgh ihiZ^Z_l \ \_kvfZ ]emih_ iheh`_gb_

G_ ke_^m_l eb hlkx^Z qlh j_ij_kkb\guc ZiiZjZl ]hkm^Zjkl\Z ^he`_g [ulv hl^_e_g hl wlhc b^_heh]bb qlh hl ^_lkdh]h kZ^Z b ^h :dZ^_fbb gZ md gZk ke_^m_l hk\h[h^blv hl h[yaZl_evgh]h h[mq_gby b ihkemrZgby ijbgpbiZf klhev g_gZ^_`guf dZd k lhqdb aj_gby gZmqgh]h lZd b k lhqdb aj_gby bklhjbq_kdh]h hiulZ"

328

« G_ ke_^m_l eb gZf i_j_clb \ h[eZklb ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h mijZ\e_ gby d hklhjh`ghfm gh Zdlb\ghfm wdki_jbf_glZevghfm ihbkdm hilb fZevguo iml_c k mq_lhf k\hbo kh[kl\_gguo bklhjbq_kdb keh`b\rboky b^_c b hkh[_gghkl_c" Wlh k^_j`b\Z_lky k_cqZk hlkmlkl\b_f ]eZkghklb b hlkmlkl\b_f k\h[h^u ^bkdmkkbc ih ex[uf \hijhkZf wdhghfbq_kdhc b iheblbq_kdhc kljmdlmju gZr_]h h[s_kl\Z

« KZfZy djmigZy hrb[dZ fZjdkbklkdhc l_hjbb h[s_kl\_ggh]h jZa \blby \ lhf qlh \ l_hjbx g_ \hreb \jh`^_ggu_ ^moh\gu_ ihlj_[ghklb b dZq_kl\Z q_eh\_dZ Ih kms_kl\m fZjdkbaf hljbpZ_l bo gZebqb_ \ ijbjh ^_ q_eh\_dZ H^gZdh wlh ij_^iheh`_gb_ g_ ^hdZaZgh gZmqgh lh _klv f_ lh^Zfb wdki_jbf_glZevghc [bheh]bb [bhobfbb b [bhnbabdb GZmdZ lhevdh-lhevdh ih^[bjZ_lky d wlbf \hijhkZf Gh gZ[ex^Zy “djmighfZk

rlZ[gu_” g_khhl\_lkl\by f_`^m ijZdlbdhc b fZjdkbklkdhc l_hjb_c m`_ k_cqZk fh`gh hlf_lblv gZb[he__ kms_kl\_ggu_ ijhfZob

«Ihlj_[ghklv k\h[h^gh]h bgh]^Z kihglZggh]h \u[hjZ j_r_gbc – \gmlj_gg__ dZq_kl\h q_eh\_dZ Bf_ggh k\h[h^guc \u[hj Z g_ “k\h[h^Z dZd ihagZggZy g_h[oh^bfhklv” _klv bklbggZy k\h[h^Z K wlhc ihlj_[gh

klvx [_kkfuke_ggh [hjhlvky Kh\j_f_ggh_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h ^he`gh mf_lv __ m^h\e_l\hjylv h^gh\j_f_ggh h]jZgbqb\Zy jZamfgufb jZfdZfb aZdhgZ

Ihlj_[ghklv bf_lv b \ukdZau\Zlv ^jm]bf k\h_ kh[kl\_ggh_, bg^b- \b^mZevgh_ fg_gb_ – lZd`_ h^gZ ba \Z`g_crbo \gmlj_ggbo ihlj_[ghkl_c q_eh\_dZ \ hkh[_gghklb dh]^Z hg kul

G_ dZ`_lky eb <Zf qlh ijZdlbdmxsbcky m gZk ih^oh^ d q_eh\_dm b _]h f_klm \ h[s_kl\_ ijbfblb\_g b g_ khhl\_lkl\m_l h[t_dlb\gh kms_kl \mxsbf q_eh\_q_kdbf dZq_kl\Zf b ihlj_[ghklyf"

6. Kh]eZkgu eb <u qlh bklbggZy dmevlmjZ g_^_ebfZ b g_ij_ju\gZ"

Qlh gZr_ bgl_ee_dlmZevgh_ hlklZ\Zgb_ \ agZqbl_evghc f_j_ h[tykgy_lky l_fb himklhrbl_evgufb jZaju\Zfb dhlhju_ fu kZfb ^_eZeb \ k\h_f lhgdhf dmevlmjghf keh_ gZ ijhly`_gbb bklhjbb" Qlh bgl_ee_dl mq_gh]h \hkiblu\Z_lky gZmqghc ljZ^bpb_c b g_ lhevdh gZmqguf gh b \k_f dmev lmjguf hdjm`_gb_f qlh h]jZgbq_gghklv \hh[jZ`_gby \ bkdmkkl\_ \eby _l b gZ \hh[jZ`_gb_ \ gZmd_"

7. Kh]eZkgu eb <u k l_f qlh fu g_ bamqZ_f kdhevdh-gb[m^v k_jv_agh

ijh[e_fm klbfmebjh\Zgby djmighc ohayckl\_gghc ^_yl_evghklb" Qlh hklZ\Zykv g_baf_ggh \ jZfdZo h[s_]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kh[kl\_gghklb fu fh]eb [u k ihevahc ^ey ^_eZ j_adh mkbeblv klbfmeu i_j_gy\ aZiZ^guc hiul" Fh`_l [ulv gZijbf_j gm`gh \j_fy hl \j_f_gb \\h^blv \ hl^_ev guo hljZkeyo ohayckl\Z j_`bf k\h[h^ghc bgbpbZlb\u ihklZ\b\ h^gh \j_f_ggh hieZlm ljm^Z jmdh\h^bl_ey \ aZ\bkbfhklv hl ijb[ueb hij_^_ eyy djm] hljZke_c \\h^bfuo \ lZdhc j_`bf \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl l_dms_c dhgtxgdlmju H^gZdh ykgh qlh kZfh_ ]eZ\gh_ – wlh bf_lv \hafh`ghklv

k\h[h^gh h[km`^Zlv ex[u_ b^_b \ wlhc h[eZklb Kh]eZkgu eb <u k wlbf"

329