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Edinburgh.

1. Read the words.

Edinburgh Northumbria

Glasgow Royal Bourg

Scotland Athens of the North

Europe unique

intellectual royal Mile

castle Holyroodhouse

Lawnmarket High Street

Canongate produce

official residence

floral comprehensive

permanent manuscript

II.Read the text to learn more about Edinburgh.

The two main cities of Scotland are Glasgow and Edinburgh (the capital of Scotland). Edinburgh is one of Europe's most beautiful capitals. It is built upon hills in a lovely natu­ral setting. Edinburgh, named after Edwin, a 7th century king of Northumbria - has been a Royal Burgh since the 12th century. It is called as the capital of Scotland since the 15th century. Its natural situation and classical architecture got the title "Athens of the North". It is built mostly of an attractive sandstone, its uniquee character has made it one of the most wonderful cities in the world.

The city is important largely as an intellectual centre. It has one of the oldest universities in Europe - the University of Edinburgh, which was founded in 1582. The most famous sight of Edinburgh is Edinburgh Castle. It is situated on the rock 440 feet high. Further to the South we can find the national war Memorial, it was built in 1927 for the Scottish soldiers who fell in the First World War.

Royal Mile is the name of ancient streets which run from Castle Hill to the gate of the Holyroodhouse.

They consist of the Lawnmarket, the High Street and the Canongate. The Lawnmarket was the place where people sold their produce. In the 18th century it became a popular place, where people could walk up and down. The High Street is well-known by St.Gile’s Cathedral. It was built in the 14th and 15th centuries. There is also the Museum of Childhood. It has toys, books and clothes made for and by children for some centuries. At the end of the Royal Mile there is the palace of Holyroodhouse. It is the Queen's official residence in Scotland.

Princess Street is one of the great streets of the world. The West Princess Street gardens have the oldest Floral clock of the world. It was built in 1903. 25000 flowers were used to built it.

Edinburgh is famous for its galleries and museums. The national Gallery of Scotland was opened in 1859. It has works by Scottish masters. The Royal Scottish Museum is the most comprehensive museum in Britain under a single roof. It has four main departments: technology, geology, natural his­tory and art and archiology.

The City of Edinburgh Art Centre was opened in 1971. It has a permanent collection of Scottish paintings.

The Scottish National Gallery of modern Art has a panoramic view of the city and shows paintings and sculpture of the 20th century. The National Library of Scotland was founded in 1682. It has over millions books and manuscripts.

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