(Додаток)
Croquet & Lawn Tennis
Croquet was introduced in England in 1856 and was probably brought to America in the early 1860's. It was considered particularly suitable for women since it required considerable skills but not too much strength or technique. (Women were allegedly deficient? in both). Although croquet was never popular men's game, it had both social and economic advantages: men and women could play together, and it required little equipment and no special clothing.
Lawn tennis was another popular sport for middle-class women. At first proper tennis form entailed patting the ball back and forth, without keeping score, but, according to both critics and proponents, players soon were caught up in the competitive spirit of the game, finding it an excellent method of exercise and a useful mental and physical outlet. More active than croquet or archery'(which enjoyed a brief popularity in the 1870's), tennis' also appealed to men. By the 1880's it had become the rage in fashionable summer resorts, arid magazines devoted space to the proper attire to wear while playing.
Goodie's recommended "Tuxedo" suits, knitted of fine wool yarn with trim in a contrasting colour, for tennis because they were both comfortable and durable.
http://www.victorianstation.com
Затверджено на засіданні циклової комісії
Протокол №____ від «____» ___________ 2012 р.
Голова комісії ____________ Клаусніцер В.О.Екзаменатор _________ Калмиш Ю. Ф.
ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВНИЧИЙ КОЛЕДЖ
ДЕРЖАВНОГО ВИЩОГО НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ
«ЗАПОРІЗЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ»
МІНІСТЕРСТВА ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ, МОЛОДІ ТА СПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ
Спеціальності :5.03040101 «Правознавство» 5.14010301 «Організація туристичного обслуговування»,5.03050801 «Фінанси і кредит»,5.03050901 «Бухгалтерський облік», 5.03060101 «Організація виробництва», 5.05010301 «Розробка програмного забезпечення», 5.01020101 «Фізичне виховання», 5.13010201 «Соціальна робота», 5.03030301 « Видавнича справа та редагування»
2011 -2012 н.р.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 13
(Додаток)
Traffic Pollution
The main problems associated with road transport in both Britain and the US are traffic congestion and pollution. It is predicted that the number of cars on British roads will increase by a third within a few years, making both these problems worse. The British government would like more people to use public transport, but so far they have had little success in persuading people to give up their cars or to share rides with neighbours. Most people say that public transport is simply not good enough. Americans too have resisted government requests to share cars because it is less convenient and restricts their freedom. Petrol is relatively cheap in the US and outside the major cities public transport is bad, so they see no reason to use their cars less.
Despite the use of unleaded petrol, exhaust emissions (= gases) from vehicles still cause air pollution which can have serious effects on health. The US was the first nation to require cars to be fitted with catalytic converters (= devices that reduce the amount of dangerous gases given off). Emissions are required to be below a certain level, and devices have been developed to check at the roadside that vehicles meet the requirement. Stricter controls are also being applied to lorries. Car manufacturers are now developing electric cars which will cause less pollution.
The cheapest and most environmentally-friendly ways to travel are to walk or ride a bicycle. In Oxford and Cambridge bicycles are common, and many other cities now have special cycle routes or cycle lanes beside the main road. Elsewhere, there are so many cars on the roads that cycling can be dangerous. In the US bicycles are used mostly for fun or sport.
Taken from OXFORD Guide to British and American Culture
Затверджено на засіданні циклової комісії
Протокол №____ від «____» ___________ 2012 р.
Голова комісії ____________ Клаусніцер В.О. Екзаменатор _________ Калмиш Ю. Ф.
ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВНИЧИЙ КОЛЕДЖ
ДЕРЖАВНОГО ВИЩОГО НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ
«ЗАПОРІЗЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ»
МІНІСТЕРСТВА ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ, МОЛОДІ ТА СПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ
Спеціальності :5.03040101 «Правознавство» 5.14010301 «Організація туристичного обслуговування»,5.03050801 «Фінанси і кредит»,5.03050901 «Бухгалтерський облік», 5.03060101 «Організація виробництва», 5.05010301 «Розробка програмного забезпечення», 5.01020101 «Фізичне виховання», 5.13010201 «Соціальна робота», 5.03030301 « Видавнича справа та редагування»
2011 -2012 н.р.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 14
(додаток)
Owning Books
The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind; and we enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are borrowed. A borrowed book is like a guest in the house; it must be treated with a certain considerate formality. You must see that it sustains no damage; it must not suffer while under your roof. You cannot leave it carelessly, you cannot mark it, you cannot turn down the pages, you cannot use it familiarly. And then, some day, although this is seldom-done, you really ought to return it.
But your own books belong to you; you treat them with that affectionate intimacy that annihilates formality. Books are for use, not for show; you should own no book that you are afraid to mark up, or afraid to place on the table, wide open and face down. A good reason for marking favourite passages in books is that this practice enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to refer to them quickly, and then in later years, it is like visiting a forest where you once blazed a trail. You have the pleasure of going over the old ground, and recalling both the intellectual scenery and your own earlier self.
Everyone should begin collecting a private library in youth; the instinct of private property, which is fundamental in human beings, can here be cultivated with every advantage and no evils. One should have one's own bookshelves, which should not have doors, glass windows, or keys; they should be free and accessible to the hand as well as to the eye. The best of mural decorations is books; they are more varied in colour and appearance than any wallpaper, they are more attractive in design, and they have the prime advantage of being separate personalities, so that if you sit alone in the room in the firelight, you are surrounded with intimate friends. The knowledge that they are there in plain view is both stimulating and refreshing.
Books are of the people, by the people, for the people. Literature is the immortal part of history; it is the best and most enduring part of personality. But book-friends have this advantage over living friends; you can enjoy the most truly aristocratic society in the world whenever you want it. In a private library, you can at any moment converse with Socrates or Shakespeare or Carlyle or Dumas or Dickens or Shaw or Barrie or Galsworthy. And there is no doubt that in these books you see these men at their best. They wrote for you. They did their ultimate best to entertain you, to make a favourable impression. You are necessary to them as an audience is to an actor.
Затверджено на засіданні циклової комісії
Протокол №____ від «____» ___________ 2012 р.
Голова комісії ____________ Клаусніцер В.О. Екзаменатор _________ Калмиш Ю. Ф.
ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВНИЧИЙ КОЛЕДЖ
ДЕРЖАВНОГО ВИЩОГО НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ
«ЗАПОРІЗЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ»
МІНІСТЕРСТВА ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ, МОЛОДІ ТА СПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ
Спеціальності :5.03040101 «Правознавство» 5.14010301 «Організація туристичного обслуговування»,5.03050801 «Фінанси і кредит»,5.03050901 «Бухгалтерський облік», 5.03060101 «Організація виробництва», 5.05010301 «Розробка програмного забезпечення», 5.01020101 «Фізичне виховання», 5.13010201 «Соціальна робота», 5.03030301 « Видавнича справа та редагування»
2011 -2012 н.р.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 15