(Додаток)
Chocolate
Chocolate - there's nothing quite like it, is there? Chocolate IS simply delicious. What is chocolate? Where does it come from?
Christopher Columbus was probably the first to take cacao beans from the New World
to Europe in around 1502. But the history of chocolate goes back at least 4,000 years! The
Aztecs, who lived in America, thought that their bitter cacao drink was a divine gift from heaven. In fact, the scientist Carolus Linnaeus named the plant Theobroma, which means "food of the gods."
The Spanish explorer Hernando Cortez went to America in 1519. He visited the Mexican emperor Montezuma. He saw that Montezuma drank cacao mixed with vanilla and spices. Cortez took some cacao home as a gift to the Spanish King Charles. In Spain, people began to drink Cortez's chocolate in a drink with chili peppers. However, the natural taste of cocoa was too bitter for most people. To sweeten the drink, Europeans added sugar to the cacao drink. As sweet drink, it became more popular. By the 17th century, rich people in Europe were drinking it.
Later, people started using chocolate in pastries, like pies and cakes. In 1828, Dutch chocolate makers started using a new process for removing the fat from cacao beans, and getting to the centre of the cacao bean. The Dutch chocolate maker Conrad J. van Houten made a machine that pressed the fat from the bean. The resulting powder mixed better with water than cacao did. Now, some call van Houten's chocolate "Dutch chocolate."
Chocolate is a popular holiday gift. A popular Valentine's Day gift is a box of chocolate candies with a card and flowers. Chocolate is sometimes given for Christmas and birthdays. Chocolate eggs are sometimes given at Easter.
www.englishforeveryone.org
Затверджено на засіданні циклової комісії
Протокол №____ від «____» ___________ 2012 р.
Голова комісії ____________ Клаусніцер В.О. Екзаменатор _________ Калмиш Ю. Ф.
ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВНИЧИЙ КОЛЕДЖ
ДЕРЖАВНОГО ВИЩОГО НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ
«ЗАПОРІЗЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ»
МІНІСТЕРСТВА ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ, МОЛОДІ ТА СПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ
Спеціальності :5.03040101 «Правознавство» 5.14010301 «Організація туристичного обслуговування»,5.03050801 «Фінанси і кредит»,5.03050901 «Бухгалтерський облік», 5.03060101 «Організація виробництва», 5.05010301 «Розробка програмного забезпечення», 5.01020101 «Фізичне виховання», 5.13010201 «Соціальна робота», 5.03030301 « Видавнича справа та редагування»
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 9
(додаток)
Simple Ways to Live a Healthy Lifestyle
You hear a lot about living a healthy lifestyle, but what does, that mean? In general, healthy person doesn't smoke, is at a healthy weight, eat healthy food and exercises. Sounds simple, doesn't it?
The trick to healthy living is making small changes - taking more steps, adding fruit to your cereal, having an extra glass of water - these are just a few ways you can start living healthy without drastic changes.
One of the biggest problems in America today is lack of activity. We know it's good for us but avoid it like the plague either because we're used to being sedentary or afraid that exercise has to be vigorous to be worth our time. The truth is, movement is movement and the more you do, the healthier you'll be. Even moderate activities like chores, gardening and walking can make a difference.
Just adding a little movement to your life can: reduce the risk of serious illnesses; increase and improve range of movement; help maintain flexibility as you age; improve your mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression; enhance self-esteem; improve memory in elderly people; and reduce stress. So, even if you for small changes and a more modest weight loss, you can see the benefits are pretty good. One study has found that just a 10 % weight reduction helped obese patients reduce blood pressure, cholesterol and increase longevity. Once a week, turn off the TV and do something a little more physical with your family. Play games, take a walk - almost anything will be more active than sitting on the couch. When you get the mail, take a walk around the block, take the dog for an extra outing each day or walk on your treadmill for 5 minutes before getting ready for work. Shovelling snow, working in the garden, raking leaves, sweeping the floor - these kinds of activities may not be 'vigorous' exercise, but they can keep you moving while getting your house in order. Make a list of all the physical activities you do on a typical day. If you find that the bulk of your time is spent sitting, make another list of all the ways you could move more - getting up each hour to stretch or walk, walk the stairs at work, etc.
Eating a healthy diet is another part of the healthy lifestyle. Not only can a clean diet help with weight management, it can also improve your health and quality of life as you get older. Creating a healthy lifestyle does not have to mean drastic changes. In fact, drastic changes almost always lead to failure. Making small changes in how you live each day can lead to big rewards, so figure out what you can to be healthy today.
www.exercise.about.com
Затверджено на засіданні циклової комісії
Протокол №____ від «____» ___________ 2012 р.
Голова комісії ____________ Клаусніцер В.О. Екзаменатор ________ Калмиш Ю. Ф.
ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВНИЧИЙ КОЛЕДЖ
ДЕРЖАВНОГО ВИЩОГО НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ
«ЗАПОРІЗЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ»
МІНІСТЕРСТВА ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ, МОЛОДІ ТА СПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ
Спеціальності :5.03040101 «Правознавство» 5.14010301 «Організація туристичного обслуговування»,5.03050801 «Фінанси і кредит»,5.03050901 «Бухгалтерський облік», 5.03060101 «Організація виробництва», 5.05010301 «Розробка програмного забезпечення», 5.01020101 «Фізичне виховання», 5.13010201 «Соціальна робота», 5.03030301 « Видавнича справа та редагування»
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 10
(додаток)
Grand Canyon
When my dad first told me we would be driving to the Grand Canyon instead of going on our annual summer beach trip, I was a bit confused as well as disappointed. Driving? I thought. From South Carolina to Arizona? How would we pack for such a trip? And, most importantly, would we get on well after being cooped up in a car together for so long? My weak attempt at protesting the trip ultimately failed; however, I came to the realization that I would never forget this trip, whether it became the best experience of my life or the most traumatic.
I felt the excitement of the unknown as we pulled out of the driveway toward our first stop: Atlanta, Georgia. I was eager to continue driving, but my younger brother had a plan of his own: a stop for burgers and fries. This particular meal, though clearly unhealthy, would become one of the staple meals of the trip.
We then rode through Birmingham, and continued until we reached a campground in northern Alabama. Camping on the first night was a bit exhausting, as we had just travelled more than eight hours in one day and were on the edge of each other's nerves. Our first night had ended on a good note, and I was confident that the trip would not be a failure as I had once thought.
Throughout our journey west, we passed through several other cities including Checotah, Oklahoma, Amarillo, Texas, and Santa Fe, New Mexico (home of several crystal blue lakes and the greatest apple pie on earth). Each of these places had a unique personality and served as a wonderful prelude to the Grand Canyon.
When we finally reached the Canyon by train, I was astonished' at the immense sizes of reddish rock. We were only on the South Rim, and there were hundreds more miles that, we did not see. We hiked on a trail that led down into the canyon and the view and weather were near-perfect.
Forty-eight hundred miles and twenty-five postcards later, I know for certain that the story of my family's journey will be my favorite one to tell through the years.
www.fodors.com
Затверджено на засіданні циклової комісії
Протокол №____ від «____» ___________ 2012 р.
Голова комісії ____________ Клаусницер В.О. Екзаменатор ________ Калмиш Ю. Ф.
ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВНИЧИЙ КОЛЕДЖ
ДЕРЖАВНОГО ВИЩОГО НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ
«ЗАПОРІЗЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ»
МІНІСТЕРСТВА ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ, МОЛОДІ ТА СПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ
Спеціальності :5.03040101 «Правознавство» 5.14010301 «Організація туристичного обслуговування»,5.03050801 «Фінанси і кредит»,5.03050901 «Бухгалтерський облік», 5.03060101 «Організація виробництва», 5.05010301 «Розробка програмного забезпечення», 5.01020101 «Фізичне виховання», 5.13010201 «Соціальна робота», 5.03030301 « Видавнича справа та редагування»
2011 -2012 н.р.
ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 11