- •Теоретична фонетика
- •2. The articulatory classification of English consonants.
- •3. English Word Stress: notion, types, functions.
- •4/ The Syllable. Types.
- •5. Prosodic system of The English language/intonation.
- •Theoretical Grammar
- •1.General characteristics of language as a semiotic communication system. Language functions. Language and speech.
- •2. Language as a structural system. Language levels.
- •3. Systemic relations in language. Syntagmatic relations. Paradigmatic relations.
- •4. Lexical and grammatical aspects of the word. Types of grammatical meanings. The notion of grammatical category. Types of oppositions.
- •5. The noun as a part of speech. Formal, semantic and functional properties of the noun.
- •6. The verb as a part of speech. Formal, semantic and functional properties of the verb.
- •7. General characteristics of syntax. Basic syntactic notions.
- •8. Definition and general characteristics of the word-group. The Noun phrase. The Verb phrase.
- •9. Structural and semantic characteristics of the sentence.
- •Історія мови
- •1. Periods in the history of English. Grimm’s Law. Verner’s Law.
- •Verner’s Law.
- •2. Old English Phonology, Morphology and Syntax.
- •3. Grammatical categories of the Noun in Old English, Middle English and New English periods.
- •4. Grammatical categories of the Verb in Old English, Middle English and New English periods.
- •Main historical events of Old English and Middle English periods and their linguistic consequences.
- •Лексикологія
- •1. Etymological structure of the English vocabulary. Native and borrowed words, types of borrowings.
- •2. Latin and French borrowings in Modern English, their periodization and recognition.
- •3. Types of word meaning in English. Polysemy and its sources.
- •4. Morphological structure of a word. Immediate constituents’ analysis.
- •5. Productive ways of English word-formation: affixation, shortening, conversion, compounding.
- •7. Systemic relations in the English vocabulary. Groups of words in the lexicon. Neologisms, archaisms and international words.
- •8. Synonymy and antonymy in English. Homonyms and their classifications.
- •9. English phraseology: definition, approaches and classifications.
- •Stylistics
- •1. Stylistic classification of the English vocabulary.
- •Vocabulary word-stock three layers:
- •1) Literary, 2) neutral, 3) colloquial.
- •2. The notion of style in the language. Notion of language expressive means and stylistic devices. Convergence of stylistic devices.
- •3. Phonetic expressive means and stylistic devices.
- •4. Syntactical stylistic devices; their structural, semantic and functional characteristics.
- •5. Metaphorical group of stylistic devices. Mechanism of metaphoric transfer of name. Types of metaphor.
- •Metonymical group. Syntactic and semantic difference between metonymy and metaphor.
- •1. Contiguity;
- •1. Likeness/similarity
8. Synonymy and antonymy in English. Homonyms and their classifications.
We use the term antonyms to indicate words of the same category of parts of speech which have contrasting meanings, such as hot - cold, light - dark, happiness - sorrow, to accept - to reject, up - down.
If synonyms form whole, often numerous, groups, antonyms are usually believed to appear in pairs. Yet, this is not quite true in reality. For instance, the adjective cold may be said to have warm for its second antonym, and sorrow may be very well contrasted with gaiety.
On the other hand, a polysemantic word may have an antonym (or several antonyms) for each of its meanings. So, the adjective dull has the antonyms interesting, amusing, entertaining for its meaning of "deficient in interest", clever, bright, capable for its meaning of "deficient in intellect", and active for the meaning of "deficient in activity", etc.
Synonyms are different words with almost identical or similar meanings.
Homonyms are words which have the same form but are different in meaning. "The same form" implies identity in sound form or spelling, i.e. all the three aspects are taken into account: sound-form, graphic form and meaning.
From the viewpoint of their origin homonyms are sometimes divided into historical and etymological.
Historical homonyms are those which result from the breaking up of polysemy; then one polysemantic word will split up into two or more separate words.
Etymologiсal homonyms are words of different origin which come to be alike in sound or in spelling (and may be both written and pronounced alike).
9. English phraseology: definition, approaches and classifications.
In linguistics, phraseology is the study of set or fixed expressions, such as idioms, phrasal verbs, and other types of multi-word lexical units (often collectively referred to as phrasemes), in which the component parts of the expression take on a meaning more specific than or otherwise not predictable from the sum of their meanings when used independently.
The Koonin’s classification is the latest outstanding achievement in the Russian theory of phraseology. The classification is based on the combined structural - semantic principle and it also considers the quotient of stability of phraseological units.
Nominative phraseological units - are represented by word - groups, including the ones with one meaningful word, and coordinative phrases of the type wear and tear, well and good.
Nominative - communicative phraseological units - include word - groups, of the type to break the ice - the ice is broken, that is, verbal word - groups which are transformed into a sentence when the verb is used in the Passive Voice.
Phraseological units - which are neither nominative nor communicative include interjectional word - groups.
Communicative phraseological units - are represented by proverbs and sayings.