8. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is, according to the text, microeconomics?

2. What is meant by “economics in the small”?

3. Where is microeconomic theory used ?

1. What is optimization?

4. What is an important concept of microeconomics?

Вариант 5

ЗАДАНИЯ:

1. Определите функции (-е) s (образец выполнения см. вариант 1).

1) When a few sellers face a few buyers, this situation is known as bilateral ( двусторонняя ) oligopoly.

2) Money is one of man’s greatest inventions and it is an essential tool of civilization.

3) Economic society presents the mechanism for survival.

2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод конструкции there is / are (was/were).

1. When there is more money to lend, credit is “ loose” and interest rates tend to drop.

2. There have been unions in the United States since the end of the 18-th century.

3. There are various ways for defining small and medium businesses.

3. Спишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол- сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог.

1. Goods are produced on farms or in factories. Goods of the both groups are consumed by the people who buy them.

2. The ideas of Adam Smith, the famous Scottish philosopher and economist, have been studied by economists for over two hundred years.

3. The economists are monitoring the prices and levels of consumption of different goods and services.

4. Образуйте три степени сравнения от следующих прилагательных: big, effective, low, different.

5. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. The same question raise additional considerations.

2. The different types of business organization were classified under five headings.

3. Most of the products of advanced technologies also have world market.

5. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод существительного в качестве определения к другому существительному.

1. Sales and market penetration goals may be combined with profit goals, but they should be consistent.

2. The law also brings the existing tax confusion in order by naming only two dues to be paid : profit tax and natural resource use tax.

3. Multibilliondollar farm price supports not being financed by worker-taxpayers should be drastically reduced at the expense of the profiteering corporations.

6. Переведите текст на русский язык.

Demand and Supply

1. Demand is the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy at each price( любая цена ). Other things equal ( при прочих равных условиях ), at low prices the demanded quantity is higher.

2. Supply is the quantity of a good that sellers wish to sell at each price. Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.

3. The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers. When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand ( shortage) raising the price. At prices above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price.

4. There are some factors influencing demand for a good, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others. An increase in the price of a substitute good ( or a decrease in the price of a complement good) will at the same raise the demanded quantity.

5. As consumer income is increased, demand for a normal good will also increase but demand for an inferior good will decrease. A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise. An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise.

6. As to supply, some factors are assumed as constant. Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation. An improvement in technology is as important for increasing the supplied quantity of a good as a reduction in input prices.

7. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is demand ?

2. What is supply ?

3. When are the demanded and supplied quantities of goods high ?

4. How are prices and the supplied and demanded quantities regulated by the market ?

5. Which factors influence demand ?

6. Which factors influence supply ?