- •VI. Etymological Survey of the English Word-Stock
- •§ 2. Semantic Characteristics and Collocability
- •4.Summary and Conclusions
- •§ 5. Causes and Ways of Borrowing
- •6. Criteria of Borrowings
- •§ 12. Influence of Borrowings
- •13 Summary and Conclusion
- •VII. Various aspects of vocabulary units and replenishment of modern english word-stock
- •Interdependence of various aspects
- •Replenishment of modern english vocabulary
- •§ 7. Structural and Semantic Peculiarities of New Vocabulary Units
- •Ways and means of enriching the vocabulary
- •§ 8. Productive Word-Formation
- •§ 9 Various Ways of Word-Creation
- •§10 Borrowing
- •§ 13. Intrinsic Heterogeneity of Modern English
- •§ 14 Number of Vocabulary Items in Actual Use and Number of Vocabulary Units in Modern English
- •§ 15. Summary and Conclusions
- •VIII. Variants and Dialects of the English Language
- •§ 1. General Characteristics of the English Language in Different Parts of the English-Speaking World
- •§ 3. Some Points of History of the Territorial Variants and Lexical Interchange Between Them
- •Local varieties in the british isles and in the usa
- •§ 4. Local Dialects in the British Isles
- •§ 5. The Relationship between the English National Language and British Local Dialects
- •6 Local Dialects in the usa
- •IX Fundamentals of English Lexicography
- •§1 Encyclopaedic and Linguistic Dictionaries
- •§2 Classification of linguistic Dictionaries
- •3. Explanatory Dictionaries
- •§ 4. Translation Dictionaries
- •§ 5. Specialized Dictionaries
- •§6. The selection of Lexical Units for Inclusion.
- •§ 7. Arrangement of Entries
- •§ 11. Choke of Adequate Equivalents.
- •§ 12. Setting of the Entry
- •§ 13. Structure of the Dictionary
- •§ 14. Main Characteristic Features
- •§ 15. Classification of Learners Dictionaries.
- •§ 16.Selection of Entry Words.
- •§ 17. Presentations of Meanings.
- •§ 18. Setting of the Entry
- •§ 19. Summary and Conclusions
- •X. Methods and Procedures of Lexicological Analysis
- •§ 1. Contrastive Analysis
- •§ 2. Statistical Analysis
- •§ 3.Immediate Constituents Analysis
- •§ 4.Distributional Analysis and Co-occurrence
- •§ 5. Transformafional Analysis
- •§ 6. Componenfal Analysis
- •§ 7. Method of Semantic Differential
- •§ 8. Summary and Conclusions
- •I. Introduction
- •II. Semasiology Word-Meaning
- •Types of Meaning
- •Word-Meaning and Meaning in Morphemes
- •Word-Meaning and Motivation
- •Change of Meaning
- •Meaning and Polysemy
- •Polysemy and Homonymy
- •Word-Meaning in Syntagmatics and Paradigmatics
- •Meaning Relations in Paradigmatics and Semantic Classification of Words
- •III. Word-groups and phraseological units Some Basic Features of Word-Croups
- •Meaning of Word-Groups
- •Interdependence of Structure and Meaning in Word-Groups
- •IV. Word-structure
- •V. Word-formation
- •Various Ways of Forming Words
- •Affixation
- •Conversion
- •Word-Composition
- •Etymological survey of the english word-stock
- •Words of Native Origin
- •Borrowings
- •VII. Various aspects of vocabulary units and replenishment of modern english word-stock
- •Interdependence of Various Aspects of the Word
- •VIII. Variants and dialects of the english language
- •Learner's Dictionaries and Some Problems of Their Compilation
- •X. Methods and procedures of lexicological analysis
Etymological survey of the english word-stock
§ 1. Some Basic Assumptions ............... 160
Words of Native Origin
§ 2. Semantic Characteristics and Collocability. ......... 162
Derivational Potential .................... 162
§ 4. Summary and Conclusions . . ................ 164
Borrowings
§ 5. Causes and Ways of Borrowing . . .............. 164
§ 6. Criteria of Borrowings .................... 165
§ 7. Assimilation of Borrowings . . ............... 166
§ 8. Phonetic, Grammatical and Lexical Assimilation of Borrowings 167
§ 9. Degree of Assimilation and Factors Determining It ...... 170
§ 10. Summary and Conclusions . . ................ 170
Interrelation between Native and Borrowed Elements
§ 11. The Role of Native and Borrowed Elements .......... 171
§ 12. Influence of Borrowings .................... 172
§ 13. Summary and Conclusions ...........'....... 175
VII. Various aspects of vocabulary units and replenishment of modern english word-stock
Interdependence of Various Aspects of the Word
§1. Notional and Form Words ................. 176
§2. Frequency, Polysemy and Structure ............ 177
§3. Frequency and Stylistic Reference .............. 178
§4. Frequency, Polysemy and Etymology ............ 179
§5. Frequency and "Semantic Structure .............. 180
Replenishment of Modern English Vocabulary
6. Development of Vocabulary ................
7. Structural and Semantic Peculiarities of New Vocabulary Units
Ways and Means of Enriching the Vocabulary
§ 8. Productive Word-Formation .............. 184
§ 9. Various Ways of Word-Creation .............. 187
§ 10. Borrowing .......................... 191
§ 11. Semantic Extension ... .................. 193
Number of Vocabulary Units in Modern English
§ 12. Some Debatable Problems of Lexicology ........... 195
§ 13. Intrinsic Heterogeneity of Modern English .......... 196
§ 14. Number of Vocabulary Items in Actual Use and Number of Vocabulary Units in Modern English .............. 197
§ 15. Summary and Conclusions . , ........... . .... 198
VIII. Variants and dialects of the english language
The Main Variants of the English Language
§ 1. General Characteristics of the English Language in Different Parts of
the English-Speaking World ................. 200
§ 2. Lexical Differences of Territorial Variants ........... 202
§ 3. Some Points of History of the Territorial Variants and Lexical Interchange Between Them .................... 205
Local Varieties in the British Isles and the USA
§ 4. Local Dialects in the British Isles ........... 206
§ 5. The Relationship Between the English National Language and British Local Dialects .................... 207
§ 6. Local Dialects in the USA .................. 208
§ 7. Summary and Conclusions . . ................ 209
IX. FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY
Main Types of English Dictionaries
§ 1. Encyclopaedic and Linguistic Dictionaries .......... 210
§ 2. Classification of Linguistic Dictionaries ........... 211
§ 3. Explanatory Dictionaries . . ................ 213
§ 4. Translation Dictionaries . ................ 213
§ 5, Specialized Dictionaries . .. ................ 214
Some Basic Problems of Dictionary-Compiling
§ 6. The Selection of Lexical Units for Inclusion .......... 216
§ 7, Arrangement of Entries . ....... 218
§ 8. Selection and Arrangement of Meanings ........... 219
§ 9. Definition of Meanings . ................. 220
§ 10. Illustrative Examples . . .................. 221
§ 11. Choice of Adequate Equivalents .............. 222
§ 12. Setting of the Entry . ................... 222
§ 13. Structure of the Dictionary ................ 225