- •VI. Etymological Survey of the English Word-Stock
- •§ 2. Semantic Characteristics and Collocability
- •4.Summary and Conclusions
- •§ 5. Causes and Ways of Borrowing
- •6. Criteria of Borrowings
- •§ 12. Influence of Borrowings
- •13 Summary and Conclusion
- •VII. Various aspects of vocabulary units and replenishment of modern english word-stock
- •Interdependence of various aspects
- •Replenishment of modern english vocabulary
- •§ 7. Structural and Semantic Peculiarities of New Vocabulary Units
- •Ways and means of enriching the vocabulary
- •§ 8. Productive Word-Formation
- •§ 9 Various Ways of Word-Creation
- •§10 Borrowing
- •§ 13. Intrinsic Heterogeneity of Modern English
- •§ 14 Number of Vocabulary Items in Actual Use and Number of Vocabulary Units in Modern English
- •§ 15. Summary and Conclusions
- •VIII. Variants and Dialects of the English Language
- •§ 1. General Characteristics of the English Language in Different Parts of the English-Speaking World
- •§ 3. Some Points of History of the Territorial Variants and Lexical Interchange Between Them
- •Local varieties in the british isles and in the usa
- •§ 4. Local Dialects in the British Isles
- •§ 5. The Relationship between the English National Language and British Local Dialects
- •6 Local Dialects in the usa
- •IX Fundamentals of English Lexicography
- •§1 Encyclopaedic and Linguistic Dictionaries
- •§2 Classification of linguistic Dictionaries
- •3. Explanatory Dictionaries
- •§ 4. Translation Dictionaries
- •§ 5. Specialized Dictionaries
- •§6. The selection of Lexical Units for Inclusion.
- •§ 7. Arrangement of Entries
- •§ 11. Choke of Adequate Equivalents.
- •§ 12. Setting of the Entry
- •§ 13. Structure of the Dictionary
- •§ 14. Main Characteristic Features
- •§ 15. Classification of Learners Dictionaries.
- •§ 16.Selection of Entry Words.
- •§ 17. Presentations of Meanings.
- •§ 18. Setting of the Entry
- •§ 19. Summary and Conclusions
- •X. Methods and Procedures of Lexicological Analysis
- •§ 1. Contrastive Analysis
- •§ 2. Statistical Analysis
- •§ 3.Immediate Constituents Analysis
- •§ 4.Distributional Analysis and Co-occurrence
- •§ 5. Transformafional Analysis
- •§ 6. Componenfal Analysis
- •§ 7. Method of Semantic Differential
- •§ 8. Summary and Conclusions
- •I. Introduction
- •II. Semasiology Word-Meaning
- •Types of Meaning
- •Word-Meaning and Meaning in Morphemes
- •Word-Meaning and Motivation
- •Change of Meaning
- •Meaning and Polysemy
- •Polysemy and Homonymy
- •Word-Meaning in Syntagmatics and Paradigmatics
- •Meaning Relations in Paradigmatics and Semantic Classification of Words
- •III. Word-groups and phraseological units Some Basic Features of Word-Croups
- •Meaning of Word-Groups
- •Interdependence of Structure and Meaning in Word-Groups
- •IV. Word-structure
- •V. Word-formation
- •Various Ways of Forming Words
- •Affixation
- •Conversion
- •Word-Composition
- •Etymological survey of the english word-stock
- •Words of Native Origin
- •Borrowings
- •VII. Various aspects of vocabulary units and replenishment of modern english word-stock
- •Interdependence of Various Aspects of the Word
- •VIII. Variants and dialects of the english language
- •Learner's Dictionaries and Some Problems of Their Compilation
- •X. Methods and procedures of lexicological analysis
I. Introduction
1. Definition. Links with Other Branches of Linguistics ……….………....7
2. Two Approaches to Language Study .......................................................7
3. Lexicology and Sociolmguistics . …………………………….. ..............8
4. Lexical Units . . .........................................................................................9
5. Varieties of Words ....................................................................................10
6. Course of Modern English Lexicology. Its Aims and Significance……...11
II. Semasiology Word-Meaning
1. Referential Approach to Meaning ............................................................13
2. Meaning in the Referential Approach ......................................................16
3. Functional Approach to Meaning .............................................................17
4. Relation Between the Two Approaches . .................................................18
Types of Meaning
5. Grammatical Meaning ..............................................................................18
6. Lexical Meaning .......................................................................................19
7. Part-of-Speech Meaning ...........................................................................19
8. Denotational and Connotational Meaning ................................................20
9. Emotive Charge ….....................................................................................21
10. Stylistic Reference ...................................................................................21
11. Emotive Charge and Stylistic Reference .................................................22
12. Summary and Conclusions . . ...................................................................22
Word-Meaning and Meaning in Morphemes
13. Lexical Meaning .......................................................................... 23
14. Functional (Part-of-Speech) Meaning ............................................... 24
15. Differential Meaning ..................................................................... 24
16. Distributional Meaning ................................................................ 25
Word-Meaning and Motivation
17. Morphological Motivation . . .................................................... 25
18. Phonetical Motivation ................................................................. 26
19. Semantic Motivation .............................................................. 27
20. Summary and Conclusions ........................................................ 27
Change of Meaning
21. Causes of Semantic Change ...........................................................29
22. Nature of Semantic Change ............................................................30
23. Results of Semantic Change …………………………....................31
24. Interrelation of Causes, Nature and Results of Semantic Change…32
25. Summary and Conclusions ..............................................................33