- •The verb
- •§ 1. The General Notion
- •§ 2. The Classification of Verbs
- •§ 3. The Grammatical Categories of the Verb
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Present Indefinite
- •§ 2. The Use of the Present Indefinite
- •In demonstrations, instructions, commentaries and itineraries.
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Present Continuous
- •§ 2. The Use of the Present Continuous
- •An action in progress
- •A temporary characteristic of a person
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Present Perfect
- •§ 2. The Use of the Present Perfect
- •A series of actions which have happened up to now and can be continued
- •An action completed before a definite moment in the future
- •An action which began in the past and is still in progress
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Present Perfect Continuous
- •§ 2. The Use of the Present Perfect Continuous
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Past Indefinite
- •§ 2. The Use of the Past Indefinite
- •An action performed in the past
- •A general characteristic of a person in the past
- •An action in progress at a definite moment in the past or a past state
- •A succession of past actions
- •A repeated action in the past
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Past Continuous
- •§ 2. The Use of the Past Continuous
- •An action in progress at a definite moment in the past
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Past Perfect
- •§ 2. The Use of the Past Perfect
- •An action completed before a definite moment in the past
- •An action prior to another past action
- •An action which began before a definite moment in the past, continued up to that moment and was still in progress at that moment
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Past Perfect Continuous
- •§ 2. The Use of the Past Perfect Continuous
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Indefinite
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Indefinite
- •A future action or an official arrangement
- •A prediction based on our opinion or past experience
- •A polite inquiry
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Continuous
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Continuous
- •An action in progress at a definite moment in the future
- •A fixed arrangement seen as a part of routine
- •An anticipated future action
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Perfect
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Perfect
- •An action completed before a definite moment in the future
- •An action which begins before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will still be in progress at that moment
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Perfect Continuous
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Perfect Continuous
- •An action which begins before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will still be in progress at that moment
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Indefinite in the Past
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Indefinite in the Past
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Continuous in the Past
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Continuous in the Past
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Perfect in the Past
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Perfect in the Past
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Perfect Continuous in the Past
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Perfect Continuous in the Past
- •§ 1. The General Notion
- •§ 2. The Formation of the Passive Voice
- •§ 3. The Ways of Translation of the Passive Voice into Ukrainian
- •Combinations of the verb бути with the Past Participle Passive
- •§ 4. The Use of the Passive Voice
- •Informal English
- •Formal notices and announcements
- •Press reports
- •§ 1. The General Notion
- •§ 2. The Rules of the Sequence of Tenses
- •§ 3. The Exceptions to the Rules of the Sequence of Tenses
- •§ 1. The General Notion
- •§ 2. Tense, Time, Pronoun and Place Changes
- •§ 3. Indirect Statements
- •§ 4. Indirect Questions
- •§ 5. Indirect Orders and Requests
- •§ 6. Indirect Offers, Suggestions and Advice
- •§ 7. Indirect Exclamations
- •§ 8. Greetings and Leave-taking
- •§ 9. Modal Verbs
- •§ 10. The Subjunctive Mood in Indirect Speech
- •Exercises the verb
- •The present indefinite
- •The present continuous
- •The present perfect
- •The present perfect continuous
- •The past indefinite
- •The past continuous
- •The past perfect
- •The past perfect continuous
- •The future tenses
- •The passive voice
- •The sequence of tenses direct and indirect speech
- •Revision exercises
- •The table of irregular verbs
- •Bibliography
§ 2. The Use of the Future Continuous in the Past
The Future Continuous in the Past denotes an action in progress at a definite moment which was future from the point of view of the past. It also preserves other meanings of its use. The Future Continuous in the Past is mostly used in indirect (reported) speech.
E.g. They said (that) they would be waiting for him from 10 till 11 next Tuesday.
She was sure (that) they would be discussing the same problem when she came back.
THE FUTURE PERFECT IN THE PAST |
(THE FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE IN THE PAST) |
§ 1. The Formation of the Future Perfect in the Past
We form the Future Perfect in the Past by means of the auxiliary verb TO HAVE in the Future Indefinite in the Past (would have) and Participle II of the main verb.
WOULD HAVE + PARTICIPLE II (Ved/V3) |
E.g. I would have written the letter by 6 o’clock the next day.
She would have translated the text by the time the bell rang.
In informal English we can also use short affirmative forms.
Full affirmative forms |
Short affirmative forms |
I (he, she, it, we, you, they) would have worked. |
I (he, she, it, we, you, they)’d have worked. |
In negative sentences we place the negative particle NOT after the first part (would) of the auxiliary verb TO HAVE. In informal English we use short negative forms.
E.g. I would not have the letter by 6 o’clock the next day.
She wouldn’t have translated the text by the time the bell rang.
Full negative forms |
Short negative forms |
I (he, she, it, we, you, they) would not have worked. |
I (he, she, it, we, you, they) wouldn’t have worked. |
In interrogative sentences (questions) we place the first part (would) of the auxiliary verb TO HAVE before the subject.
E.g. Would I have written the letter by 6 o’clock the next day?
Would she have translated the text by the time the bell rang?
In negative-interrogative sentences (negative questions) we place the first part (would) of the auxiliary verb TO HAVE before the subject and the negative particle NOT after the subject. In informal English we place short negative forms before the subject.
E.g. Would I not have written the letter by 6 o’clock the next day?
Wouldn’t she have translated the text by the time the bell rang?
Full negative-interrogative forms |
Short negative-interrogative forms |
Would I (he, she, it, we, you, they) not have worked? |
Wouldn’t I (he, she, it, we, you, they) have worked? |
§ 2. The Use of the Future Perfect in the Past
The Future Perfect in the Past denotes an action completed before a definite moment which was future from the point of view of the past. It also preserves other meanings of its use. The Future Perfect in the Past is mostly used in indirect (reported) speech.
E.g. His parents said (that) they would have got the telegram by morning.
Ann told me (that) she would have been a student for a year by next September.
THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS IN THE PAST |
(THE FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE IN THE PAST) |