Контрольное задание № 1 Вариант 4

I

№ 1. Измените число следующих существительных, произведя все необходимые изменения:

а) единственное число на множественное: a state, property, an influence, a child, life, a society, a system, advice, a branch, a colony;

б) множественное число на единственное: treaties, matters, relations, spheres, bushes, thieves, donkeys, foxes, pianos, sportsmen.

№ 2. Поставьте все личные местоимения в объектном падеже и напишите соответствующие им формы притяжательных местоимений.

№ 3. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных: small, large, little, happy, diverse, dry, bad, necessary.

№ 4. Прочтите и переведите текст. Абзацы 4, 5, 6, 7 переведите письменно.

Australia

1. The official name of the country is the Commonwealth of Australia. The Commonwealth of Australia is composed of six states and two territories and it occupies the world’s smallest, flattest, and driest continent.

2. Australia is an island continent washed by three oceans and four seas. It is located in the Southern Hemisphere, so the seasons are the other way round. Summer is from December to February and winter is from June to August. Because of the country's great size, the climate of Australia ranges from tropical regions of the Northern territory to the cool temperate conditions in the southeast, where it frequently snows in winter. Most of the country's weather pattern is characterized by clear skies and low rainfalls.

3. Australia is the least populated of the world's continents, its population being only 18,3 million people. Australia is a land of immigrants. Its population is subdivided into "original Australians" (known as the Aborigines), "old Australians" and "new Australians". More than 80% of the people live in the six capitals on the coastal strip (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth and Hobart) and less than 15% actually live in the rural areas.

4. Australia is an independent sovereign nation within the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II is formally Queen of Australia and is represented by a Governor-General and six state governors.

5. The constitution came to an effect January 1, 1901. As is in the British system, the executive comprising the Prime Minister and the Cabinet is drawn from the federal parliament and answerable to it. The Parliament consists of two chambers: an elected Senate of 76 (12 from each of the six states, two for the Australian Capital Territory, and two for the Northern Territory); and the House of Representatives of 148, elected by universal adult suffrage. Voting is compulsory.

6. Each state has its own constitution, governor (the monarch's representative), executive, legislative and judicial system. Each territory has its own legislative assembly.

7. The question whether Australia should become a republic with an Australian Head of the State is a matter of current debate in Australia. A change to a republic would require the assent of the Australian people at a referendum.

№ 5. Выпишите из текста эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений: сельская местность; палата (парламента); представитель; голосование; обязательный; согласие; прения (дискуссия); исполнительный; законодательный; судебный, независимый, составлять (документ).

№ 6. Выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие сказуемое в активном залоге. Подчеркните сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму. Измените предложения таким образом, чтобы сказуемое имело все возможные грамматические формы.

№ 7. Выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие сказуемое в пассивном залоге. Подчеркните сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

II

№ 8. Прочтите текст.

The System of Government of the United Kingdom

1. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, which means that the powers of the monarch are limited by the country's constitution. The British constitution, unlike that of most other countries, is an unwritten constitution, not being contained in any single legal document. It is formed partly by statute law (Acts of Parliament) and important documents (such as Magna Carta), partly by common law (a series of laws dating back to the Middle Ages), and partly by customs and conventions and can be altered by a simple Act of Parliament like any other law. The constitution thus is constantly changing in response to the interpretation of laws in the courts and the introduction of new Acts of Parliament. In theory the Constitution safeguards the separation of powers between the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.

2. The legislature, which consists of both Houses of Parliament and formally the monarch, is the supreme authority, the supreme law-making body. Members of the House of Commons are elected by the voters of 650 constituencies. They are known as MPs, or Members of Parliament. The Prime Minister, or leader of the Government, is also an MP, usually the leader of the political party with the majority in the House of Commons. Members of the House of Lords (peers) are not elected. About 70 per cent of them are ‘hereditary peers’ because their fathers were peers before them. The other 30 per cent are ‘life peers’, whose titles are not passed on to their children. They are officially appointed by the Queen, on the advice of the Government, for various services to the nation. Functions of Parliament are the following: making laws; providing money for government, through taxation; examining government policy; administration and spending; debating political questions.

3. The executive consists of the government Cabinet and government ministries, (or departments) headed by ministers (or secretaries of state). Since the 18^th century the cabinet has been increasingly responsible for deciding policies and controlling and coordinating government administration. It meets in private and its discussions are secrete. When policy has been decided, an individual minister must either support it or resign, because the Cabinet acts as one body with ‘collective responsibility’. The prime Minister has considerable individual power to introduce and control policies, and to change the Cabinet by appointing new ministers, sacking old ones, or ‘reshuffling’ the Cabinet by moving its members to other Cabinet posts. The government is responsible for putting laws into effect and directing national policy and acts formally in the name of the monarch.

4. The judiciary is composed mainly of the judges of the higher courts, who determine the common law and interpret Acts of Parliament and decide on cases arising out of the laws. The judiciary is supposed to be independent of the legislative and executive branches of government.

5. The organs of government are clearly distinguishable, although their functions often intermingle and overlap. The monarch is formally the head of the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. A member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons and a member of the House of Lords may both be in the government of the day. A Law Lord in the House of Lords also serves the House of Lords as the highest appeal court.

№ 9. Выпишите из текста английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений: полномочия, юридический документ, обычай, законодательная ветвь власти, исполнительная ветвь власти, судебная ветвь власти, высший законодательный орган, избирать, назначать, избирательный округ, член парламента, наследственный пэр, быть ответственным (отвечать), апелляционный суд.

№ 10. Найдите и выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие инфинитив. Определите формы и функции инфинитива. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

№ 11. Найдите и выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие причастие. Определите формы и функции причастия. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

№ 12. Найдите и выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие герундий. Определите формы и функции герундия. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

№ 13. Абзацы 1, 2, 3 переведите письменно.