The Future Indefinite Tense

I. 1) The Future Indefinite Tense is used:

a) to express a future action which is often indicated by adverbs of future time or phrases such as: tomorrow, tomorrow morning, in an hour, in some days (weeks, months, years), one of these days, the day after tomorrow, next year:

She will study English next year.

My brother will come in half an hour.

We shall start this work the day after tomorrow.

b) in object clauses introduced by when and if:

I don’ t know when he will come.

She is not sure if he will be free.

2) The Future Indefinite Tense is not used: in adverbal clauses of time and condition introduced by when, till, until, as soon as, as long as, before, if, unless:

I shall go for a walk if the weather is fine.

We shall phone him as soon as he arrives in Moscow.

II. a) The Future Indefinite Tense is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs shall (the first person singular and plural) and will (the second and the third person singular and plural).

I shall work hard tomorrow evening.

He will help her.

They will study better.

b) The contracted affirmative forms are: I’ll [aɪl], he’ll [hі:l], she’ll [∫і:l], we’ll [wі:l], you’ll [ju:l], they’ll [ðeɪl]

The contracted negative forms are: shan’t [∫ɑ:nt] and won’t [wount]

III. The construction There is is used in the Future Indefinite in the following way:

There will be a holiday party tomorrow.

There will not be any holiday party tomorrow.

There will be no holiday party tomorrow.

Will there be a holiday party tomorrow?

IV. The construction to be going is often used to express an intended future action:

I am going to take part in the concert on Sunday.

The continuous form

The continuous form expresses an action going on at a certain moment or for a certain period of time in the present, past or future. All the Continuous Tenses show the process of the action itself. The following verbs are not generally used in the Continuous Tense:

to see, to hear, to feel, to like, to love, to hate, to want, to wish, to know, to understand.

The Present Continuous Tense

I. The Present Continuous Tense is used:

a) to express an action which is taking place at the moment of speaking:

The baby is sleeping. Don’t make so much noise.

Father is out. He is working in the garden now.

b) to express an action which is taking place during the present period of time (not necessarily at the present moment):

He is a writer. He is working at a new book of short stories now.

Mr. White’s family lives in an old house. They are building a new cottage now.

c) to express an action which will take place in the nearest future (usually with such verbs as to go, to come, to start, to leave, to arrive in (at):

They are leaving tomorrow.

They are starting a new lesson on Friday.

II. a) The Present Continuous Tense is formed by means of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle I of the notional verb:

She is doing her lessons now.

III. The spelling rules of Participle I:

	to see - seeing	to be - being,
But:	to write - writing	to close - closing
	to hurry - hurrying	to pay -paying
	to drop - dropping	to stop - stopping
	to travel - travelling
But:	to repeat - repeating	to limit - limiting

IV. The pronunciation of some Participle I:

seeing ['sі:ɪŋ]	being ['bі:ɪŋ]
hurrying ['h⋀rіɪŋ]	paying ['peіɪŋ]