- •Tenses in the active voice
- •The indefinite form
- •The Present Indefinite Tense
- •The Past Indefinite Tense
- •The Future Indefinite Tense
- •The continuous form
- •The Present Continuous Tense
- •Past Continuous Tense
- •The Future Continuous Tense
- •The perfect form
- •The Present Perfect Tense
- •The Past Perfect Tense
- •The Future Perfect Tense
- •The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Sequence of tenses
- •Indirect speech
- •The passive voice
- •Action verbs and state verbs
- •Present continuous and present simple
- •Appendix 3 Adverbials of time with the present perfect and past simple
- •Overview: the future
- •Overview: uses of tenses and aspects
- •Exercises
- •Verb forms in the indicative mood forms of the indefinite aspect
- •2. Refer the action to the past adding an appropriate time indicator and making other necessary changes. Explain the spelling and pronunciation of the verb endings.
- •3. Insert "shall", "will" and "ll". Give variants wherever possible and account for your suggestions.
- •4. Determine the meaning of the verb forms in terms.
- •6. Now that you know the daily actions of Mr. And Mrs. .Priestley, refute or bear out the following statements.
- •8. Explain the difference in meaning between the sentences in each set and translate them into Russian. By what means are future events expressed?
- •9. Give answers to the following questions using adverbial clauses of time.
- •11. Explain the meaning of the following English proverbs and think of Russian equivalents. Account for the use of the tense in the proverb.
- •12. Complete the following sentences adding a principal or a subordinate clause and account for the use of tenses in the clauses.
- •13. Join the simple sentences into complex sentences using a suitable conjunction from the list.
- •14. Translate the following sentences into English paying special attention to the form of the verb expressing a future action.
- •15. Translate the following sentences into English. Define the type of the subordinate clause and account for the choice of the tense expressing a future action.
- •Indefinite and continuous forms
- •17. Use a continuous form in the required tense choosing a suitable verb from the list. Explain the spelling of the participle.
- •18. Make appropriate questions for these answers. Ask them and give shorter answers: they will sound more natural.
- •19. Determine the meaning of the continuous forms. Do the sentences in this exercise cover alt the meanings of the continuous forms or can you add some more?
- •20. Use the verb in brackets in the present indefinite or the present continuous and comment on the difference in the meaning of the forms, if any.
- •21. Use the verb in brackets in the past indefinite or the past continuous and comment on the difference in the meaning of the form, if any.
- •22. Replace the time indicators by those given in brackets, change the form of the verb accordingly and make other necessary changes.
- •23. Make up sentences out of the parts in columns without changing the form of the verb.
- •24. Explain the difference in meaning (if any) between the continuous and indefinite forms in the following sets of sentences. Translate the sentences choosing a suitable aspect in Russian.
- •25. Answer the following questions using the continuous forms. The phrases in brackets may serve as cues in the suggested situations.
- •26. Make up a situation based on the following sentences, using indefinite and continuous forms. Use the phrases suggested in brackets.
- •27. Make up dialogues based on the following situations, using indefinite and continuous forms. Use the phrases suggested in brackets.
- •28. Translate the following sentences into English using indefinite and continuous forms in the present tense.
- •29. Translate the following sentences into English using indefinite and continuous forms in the required tenses.
- •Indefinite, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous forms
- •30. Choose a suitable verb from those given in brackets and fill in the blanks with the correct form.
- •31. Determine the meaning of the perfect forms.
- •32. Use a perfect form in the required tense choosing a suitable verb from the list.
- •34. Determine the meaning of the past indefinite, present perfect and past perfect in the following sentences. Account for the choice of the forms.
- •35. Use the verb in brackets in the past indefinite, present perfect or past perfect. Account for the choice of the form.
- •36. Paraphrase the following statements using the present perfect or the past indefinite with time indicators introduced by "for", "since", "it is ... Since".
- •37. Complete the following sentences adding a principal or a subordinate clause with a suitable form of the verb.
- •38. Translate the following sentences into English paying special attention to the use of the present perfect, past perfect and past indefinite.
- •39. Explain the difference between the meaning of the italicized forms in the following sets of sentences and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •40. Respond to the following statements or questions using the perfect forms in the suitable tense and aspect; add a time indicator if necessary.
- •41. Complete the following sentences according to the examples using indefinite, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous forms.
- •42. Translate the following sets of sentences into English and account for your choice of perfect and perfect continuous forms.
- •43. Use the appropriate form of the verb with each of the time indicators.
- •45. Translate the following dialogues into English. Explain the meaning of perfect and perfect continuous forms you used.
- •The passive voice
- •I. Determine to what object of the active constructions the subjects of the following passive sentences correspond. Analyse the forms of the verbs. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •II. Change the following sentences into the passive voice using the italicized words as the grammatical subject. Use a by-phrase where indicated.
- •III. Change the following sentences into the passive voice wherever permissible.
- •IV. Answer the following questions in accordance with the example.
- •Sequence of tenses and reported speech
- •II. Change the following direct questions into indirect according to the examples. Answer the questions and report the answers. Mind the pronouns and the word order.
- •III. Change the following statements into questions, answer the questions and report the questions and answers in indirect speech.
- •IV. Ask one another questions about your daily activities using the cues below. Answer the questions and report the questions and answers in indirect speech.
- •V. Turn the following questions and statements into indirect speech. Mind the choice of the auxiliary verb with different pronouns.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into English observing the sequence of tenses and the rules of presenting reported speech.
- •Tests test 1
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопросы к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте текст в ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 10
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 11
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопросы к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 12
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 13
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 14
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 15
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •Test 16
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 17
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 18
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ:
- •Test 19
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 20
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
3. Insert "shall", "will" and "ll". Give variants wherever possible and account for your suggestions.
1. ... you return my umbrella tomorrow? 2. ... I really be twenty years old tomorrow? 3. I ... certainly post this letter for you, don't worry. 4. I think we ... not return home tonight, we ... stay with our friends in the country. 5. James and I ... be very glad to see you. Do come. 6. James ... be very glad to see you and so ... I. 7. I ... be very glad to see you and so ... James. 8. Ann ... stay here and you ... help me to lift this box and carry it into the house. 9. ... I help you to lift the box? Yes, do please. 10. We ... reach home before dark.
4. Determine the meaning of the verb forms in terms.
1. The sun shines by day and the moon by night. 2. Many thousand years ago the mainland of Europe stretched much farther west than now. 3. When did you last go to the Tretyakov Gallery? 4. A man once set out on a journey on horseback and soon found himself wet through with the rain. He complained a great deal, declaring that he was certain to be laid up with rheumatism. Suddenly he was attacked by highwaymen. But owing to the fact that the powder was wet, their guns were useless. Thus the rain saved the traveller's life. 5. Jane will be very much obliged to you, if you let her know the date of the concert. 6. When will the next solar eclipse take place? 7. When do you start for Kiev? 8. (From-a play) Ellen: Mary, put the tea in the teapot, will you? Mary: Yes, certainly. (Mary goes to the cupboard and puts the tea in the teapot. As she does so, the bell outside begins ringing madly.) 9. When she graduates from the institute, she will be a teacher of English, an interpreter or a translator. 10. What time do you leave your office?
5. This is a description of daily actions given by a teacher of English, Mr. Priestley, and his wife Mrs. Priestley (from "Essential English" by E. Eckersley, Part II). Read the text and retell it in the 3rd person. Retell the text in the past tense making all the necessary changes.
Mr. Priestley. Now I'll begin. I wake at about seven o'clock and then it is time for me to get up. I like a cold bath every morning, so I put on my dressing-gown and slippers and go to the bath-room. The water feels very cold on winter mornings, but I rub myself hard with the towel and soon I feel quite warm.
Then I shave, brush my teeth and wash my face and go back to the bedroom to dress. I brush and comb my hair, take a clean handkerchief out of the drawer and go downstairs for breakfast at a quarter past eight. After breakfast I sit and read my morning paper and smoke a cigarette, or in the summer I have a walk round my garden. I go into my study at nine o'clock and meet my students there, and the day's work begins. At twelve-thirty I have a break for lunch. I generally finish my work by about five o'clock. Then I have a cup of tea and a biscuit, and in summer I spend an hour or so in the garden and play a few games of tennis, or I go to the golf club and have a round of golf.
We have dinner about seven-thirty or eight o'clock, and then sit and talk, listen to the wireless or look at television, or Mrs. Priestley plays the piano. Sometimes, in the summer, we take out the car and go for a drive in the country; in the winter we go to the cinema or to the theatre.
Now, here is Mrs. Priestley to describe a woman's day.
Mrs. Priestley. I too get up soon after seven and go downstairs to help Susan with the work. She cleans out the stove and fills it up with coke, so that we get plenty of hot water all day. Then she takes out the ashes from the sitting-room fire and re-lays it with papers and sticks and coal. Then it is all ready to light, and only needs a match put to it.
While she is doing that, I get the breakfast ready. I put the table-cloth on the dining-room table and put out the knives, forks and spoons, and the cups, saucers and plates. Then I go and cook the breakfast. I soon have the bacon and the eggs cooking in the frying-pan. I make toast, boil the kettle for tea or coffee, and we are ready to sit down at a quarter past eight.
After breakfast, Susan and I clear away the dishes. Then she washes and dries them, and I go to do my shopping. Sometimes I go to the shops — to the butcher's to order the meat, to the grocer's to buy tea, coffee, sugar, etc., but often I ring them up and order what I want by 'phone.
Then Susan and I go upstairs to make the beds, dust upstairs and downstairs, and do the carpets with my electric cleaner. It is about eleven o'clock by this time, so I change my clothes and begin to get ready for lunch. After lunch I do some sewing or go for a walk and visit my friends.
Then Mr. Priestley joins me for afternoon tea in the sitting-room — usually bringing one or two of his students with him. We have bread and butter, jam or honey, cakes and biscuits.
My husband has already told you how we spend our evenings — in summer, tennis, golf or a drive in the car; in winter, music, the cinema, a concert; sometimes dinner in town and a theatre afterwards. Sometimes, in fact, very often, we just have a quiet evening at home. You see, John is at the University and Margaret is now at a boarding-school and comes home only at the weekends; so, except when they are on holiday, there are only the two of us at home. And when the wind is blowing through the trees outside and the rain is beating on the windows, our warm fire seems warmer and more cheerful than ever — and I often think that these "quiet" evenings are the best evenings of all.