- •Internet sources:
- •Lecture # 2. Theme: “Semasiology” (2 hours)
- •Lecture # 3. Theme: “Semantic change ”(2 hours)
- •Lecture # 4. Theme: “Word-formation system of English language” (2 hours)
- •1. Semantic classification
- •Origin of prefixes:
- •Module # 2 Lecture # 5. Theme: “English vocabulary as a system” (2 hours)
- •1) Formal vocabulary (learned words, fiction, poetry).
- •2) Informal vocabulary (slang, dialect words, colloquial words)
- •Lecture # 6. Theme: “Classification of vocabulary according to meaning: Synonyms” (2 hours)
- •Lecture # 7. Theme: “Word combinations and phraseological units” (3 hours)
- •1. The thematic or etymological classification of phraseological units suggested by l.P.Smith.
- •2. The semantic classification of phraseological units suggested by V.V.Vinogradov.
- •3. The structural classification of phraseological units suggested by a.I.Smirnitsky.
- •4. The syntactical classification of phraseological units suggested by I.V.Arnold.
- •5. Classication of phraseological units according to their functions suggested by a.V.Koonin.
- •Theme # 2: “Semasiology” (2 hours)
- •Theme # 3: “Semantic change” (2 hours)
- •Theme # 4: “Word-formation system of English language” (2 hours)
- •Module # 2 Theme # 5: “English vocabulary as a system” (2 hours)
- •Theme # 6: “Classification of vocabulary according to meaning: Synonyms” (2 hours)
- •Theme # 7: “Word combinations and phraseological units” (2 hours)
- •Tutorial # 2. Theme: “Affixation” (2 hours)
- •Semantic classification
- •Origin of prefixes:
- •Origin of suffixes.
- •Productivity.
- •Module 2 Tutorial # 4. Theme: “Social and territorial difference of English vocabulary” (2 hours)
- •Tutorial # 5. Theme: “Classification of vocabulary according to form: Homonyms” (2 hours)
- •Tutorial # 6. Theme: “Classification of vocabulary according to meaning: Antonyms” (2 hours)
- •Tutorial # 7. Theme: “Contrastive Lexicology and Phraseology” (2 hours)
- •Theme # 2: “Ways of formation and classification ways of idioms” (15 hours)
- •Theme # 3: “Lexicography” (15 hours)
Tutorial # 2. Theme: “Affixation” (2 hours)
Subtheme # 1: “Prefixation”
Thesis:
All morphemes are subdivided into two large classes: roots (or radicals) and affixes. The latter, in their turn, fall into prefixes which precede the root in the structure of the word and suffixes which follow the root. Words which consist of a root and an affix are called derived words or derivatives and are produced by the process of word-building known as affixation or derivation.
The process of affixation consists in coining a new word by adding an affix or several affixes to some root morpheme.
Prefixation is the formation of words by means of adding a prefix to the stem. Prefixes are more independent than suffixes. Prefixes can be classified according to the nature of words in which they are used: prefixes used in notional words and prefixes used in functional words. Prefixes used in notional words are proper prefixes which are bound morphemes, e.g. un- (unhappy). Prefixes used in functional words are semi-bound morphemes because they are met in the language as words, e.g. over- (overhead, over the table).
The main function of prefixes in English is to change the lexical meaning of the same part of speech. Prefixes can be classified according to different principles:
Semantic classification
prefixes of negative meaning, as in- , non-, un- (invaluable, nonformals, unfree)
prefixes denoting repetition or reversal actions, as: de-, re-, dis- (decolonize, revegetation, disconnect)
prefixes denoting time, space, degree relations, as: inter-, hyper-, ex-, pre-, over- (interplanetary, hypertension, ex-student, preelection, overdrugging)
Origin of prefixes:
native (Germanic) as: un-, over-, under-
Romanic as: in-, de-, ex-, re-
Greek as: sym-, hyper-
Literature:
1. G.B. Antrushina “English Lexicology”, “Vyssaja skola”, M.1999
2. I.V. Arnold “The English Word”, “Vyssaja skola”, M. 1973, 1989
3. S.I. Ginsburg “A Course in Modern English Lexicology”, “Vyssaja skola”, M. 1979
4. Electronic book of the university:
Электронный учебник по лексикологии английского языка.
Составители: Сыздыкова Г.Н., Булатова С.М. Алматы, 2001
5. Multimedia lectures and seminars compiled by the instructor of English lexicology: senior teacher Asanova G.S
Problematic questions:
- Why affixation is considered to be productive types of word-formation?
- Why prefixes are more independent than suffixes?
- Why prefixes are used in functional words as semi-bound morphemes?
- What are the classifications of prefixes?
Subtheme # 2: “Suffixation”
Thesis:
Affixation is divided into suffixation and prefixation. The main function of suffixes is to form one part of speech from another, the secondary function is to change the lexical meaning of the same part of speech. There are different classifications of suffixes:
a) part-of-speech classification. Suffixes which can form different parts of speech are given here:
- noun-forming suffixes as –er, -dom, -ism
- adjective-forming suffixes as –ize, -ify
- adverb-forming suffixes as –ly, -ward
- numeral-forming suffixes as –teen, -ty
semantic classification. Suffixes changing the lexical meaning of the stem can be subdivided into groups, e.g. noun-forming suffixes can denote:
- the agent of the action, e.g. –er, -ist, -ent - taxist, student, experimenter
- nationality, e.g. –ian, -ese, -ish - Russian, Japanese, English
- collectivity, e.g. –dom, -e, -ship, -ati - moviedom, peasantry, readership, literati
- diminuitiveness, e.g. –ie, -let, -ling, -ette - horsie, booklet, gooseling, kitchenette
- quality, e.g. –ness, -ity - copelessness, answerability
c) lexical-grammatical character of the stem. Suffixes which can be added to certain groups of stems are subdivided into:
- suffixes added to verbal stems, such as –er, -ing, -able, -ment, -ation – commuter, suffering, flyable, involvement, computerization
- suffixes added to noun stems as –less, -ful, -ism, -ster, -nik, -ish – smogless, roomful, adventurism, pollster, filmnik, childish