- •Introduction
- •Infectious diseases of childhood
- •Exercises
- •II. Check if you remember the meaning of the following words:
- •Exercises
- •III. Translate the sentences paying attention to the underlined words:
- •Influenza
- •Words to be memorized
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions
- •Ask your friend yes/no questions:
- •III. Match the underlined words and their Russian
- •IV. Find the sentences where “to be” may be translated as “должен”
- •V. Choose the correct verb form
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with English equivalents to «может», «должен»
- •Pneumonia
- •Words to be memorized
- •Read correctly
- •Exercises
- •IV. Translate into Russian paying attention to the meaning of the underlined words:
- •V. Match the underlined words with their Russian equivalents and translate the sentences:
- •Words to be memorized
- •Exercises
- •II. Translate into Russian paying attention to the underlined werds.
- •III. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to a)"it".
- •VII. Translate into Russian
- •VIII. Translate into English
- •Chicken-pox
- •Words to be memorized
- •Read correctly
- •IV. Translate from Russian into English:
- •Scarlet fever
- •Words to be memorized
- •Read correctly
- •Exercises
- •III. Translate the following sentences:
- •Measles
- •Words to be memorised
- •Exercises
- •III. Read the text and say what new information it contains as compared with the previous text:
- •VI. Read the text and speak about the diagnosis and treatment of meningococcal infections
- •Part II the origin of infections
- •Infections in children
- •Acute Tonsillitis
- •Diphtheria
- •Bronchitis
- •Acute bronchitis
- •Chronic bronchitis
- •Bronchial asthma General Considerations
- •Clinical Findings
- •Acute viral hepatitis
- •Is "thucydides syndrome" back?
- •Immunization against contagious diseases
- •Influenza virus vaccine for all ages
- •Vaccines for adult diseases
- •Part III контрольные задания
- •Introduction
- •Measles and models
- •Egyptian travellers
- •Vaccine sensitivity
- •1. The Common Cold.
- •1. Common 2. Last 3, numerous 4. Colds 5. Sore 6. Virus
- •13. Treated 14. Nurse 15. Caused
- •2. Sore Throat.
- •1. Common 2. To swallow 3. Recom- 4. Plenty of 5. Caused 6. To relieve
- •7. Glands 8. Older 9. Treated 10. Sore 11. Swollen 12. Better
- •13. Reduce 14. High 15. Most
- •3. Croup.
- •4. Earache.
- •1. Acute 2. Problems 3. Feverish 4. Otitis 5. Pain 6; common
- •7. Affected 8. Causes 9. Suffer 10. Due to 11. Untreated 12. Colds
- •13. Complain.
- •5. Measles.
- •6. Mumps
- •7. German measles (Rubella).
- •8. Chickenpox.
- •1. Watery 2. Illness 3. Appear 4. Drop off 5. Infectious 6. Badly
- •7. Tempera- 8. Caused 9. Catching 10. Spread 11. Virus 12. Unwell
- •13. Rash 14. Back 15. Spots 16. Dry
- •Immunization
- •In what order would you advise immunization?
- •Is it essential to repeat the Smallpox vaccine, if it does not errupt the first time and at what age should we repeat triple antigen vaccine?
- •Is Booster-shot required after bcg too?
- •Test 'immunization'
- •Kd (Kawasaki Disease)
- •Самостоятельная работа з Тезирование статьи All About Aspirin
- •Самостоятельная работа 4
- •Самостоятельная работа 5.
- •Background
- •Methods
- •Results
- •Discussion
- •Risk of hiv infection
- •Active vocabulary to part I
- •4. Incubation period, the susceptible age
- •5. Ways of transmission
- •6. Onset and symptoms
- •7. Eruption
- •8. Nursing
- •9. Treatment
- •10. Prognosis
Clinical Findings
A. Symptoms and signs: Bronchial asthma is characterized by recurrent acute attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, cough, and expec toration of mucoid sputum (especially at the end of an attack). Coughing at night, coughing and wheezing on exertion, and a history of frequent "colds" may be more prominent in children than clear-cut paroxysms of wheezing. Nasal symptoms (itching, congestion, and watery discharge) may precede attacks of wheezing.
The acute attack presents a characteristic picture. The patient sits up, "fighting for air", with his chest fixed in the inspiratory position and using his accessory muscles of respiration. Great difficulty is evident with expiration. Wheezing may be audible across the room and usually overshadows other pulmonary signs.
When bronchial asthma becomes prolonged, with acute, severe, intractable symptoms, it is known as status asthmaticus.
B. Laboratory findings: The sputum is characteristically tena cious and mucoid, containing "plugs" and "spirals". Eosinophils are seen microscopically.
C. X-ray findings: Chest films usually show no abnormalities. Emphysema may be acute (reversible) in severe paroxysms or chronic (irreversible) in long-standing cases. Transient, migratory pulmonary infiltrations have been reported. Pneumothorax may complicate severe attacks.
Complications. Chronic bronchial asthma may lead to such complications as chronic pulmonary emphysema and chronic cor pulmonale. Other complications are atelectasis, pulmonary infection and pneumothorax.
Treatment. The treatment during attacks consists mainly of the administration of substances that alleviate or arrest the paroxysm. Such old substances as adrenaline and ephedrine have not lost their efficiency and are still prescribed in severe and prolonged paroxysms.
Besides those in some subacute cases when typical expiratory dyspnea, cyanosis restlessness and tachycardia are observed the preparations of theophedrine, antasthmane, euphylline, novodrine, neoepinephrine* and others are administered. In severe cases hormonotherapy (ACTH, cortisone, prednisolone) is indicated.
n eoepinephrine — изадрин
To support the cardiac activity strophanthin or isolanid (a digitalis preparation) as well as oxygen therapy should be prescribed.
To dissolve mucoid expectorations aerosolic inhalations and bronchial lavage should be provided.
Change in environic conditions is very desirable for the asthmatic patients, climatic therapy (altitute and sea sanatoriums, altitude chambers* and salt mines**) being the most beneficial.
However, before any treatment is administered all possible alimentary allergens and those of environments must be elicited and removed.
The attack often subsides without treatment, sudden death during paroxysms is rare. Proper hygienic measures, relief of apprehension by reassurance, fresh air and rest are the most reliable agents for checking asthma. The institution of such a regimen for prolonged periods causes the attacks to subside.
Sometimes relief is obtained by the. surgical removal of enlarged tonsils and adenoids, and also by nose therapy (rhinitis), as these are also frequent factors in the origin of respiratory disorders.
Prognosis. Most patients with bronchial asthma adjust, well to the necessity for continued medical treatment throughout life. Inadequate control or persistent aggravation by unmodifiable environmental conditions favors the development of incapacitating or even life-threatening complications.