- •1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own
- •3. Look through the text and write out the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own.
- •5. Give short answers to the following questions:
- •7. Translate the following sentences:
- •1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •2. Translate the following chains of words. Define what parts of speech they are
- •3. Look through the text and find the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations; use tem in the sentences of your own.
- •4. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the participle:
- •1. Learn the following active words and expressions. Use them in the sentences of your own.
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Work in pairs. Put questions to your partner and he (she) will answer them.
- •8. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words need and turn:
- •9. Put all possible questions to the following sentences:
- •10. Define the following words according to the model given below.
- •13. Describe Fig. 2.
- •Exercises
- •Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •2. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the gerund:
- •7. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in bold type:
- •8. Put 5 questions to the text beginning with what.
- •9. Speak on the story told by the early Scandinavians.
- •10. Make an outline of the text.
- •1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •2. Look through the text and find the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:
- •5. Find the gerund in the text, define its function.
- •8. Translate the following sentences paying attention to both, both...And:
- •9. Fill in the blanks with prepositions:
- •10. Translate into Russian:
- •11. Form five sentences combining suitable parts of the sentence given in Columns I and II:
- •12. Describe Franklin's kite experiment.
- •13. Give a short summary of the text.
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words and Expressions
- •Look through the text and find the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:
- •8. Make up a story of Franklin's kite experiment using the following sentences and sentences of your own (our sentences are given in a disorderly way):
- •11. Use the following expressions in sentences of your own:
- •13. Speak on magnetism.
- •15. Describe Figs 3 and 4.
- •Exercises
- •8. (A) For the names of the countries given in Column I find the names of the nations given in Column II:
- •10. Speak on:
- •11. Make an outline of the text.
- •12. Retell the text.
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •2. Define the functions of the participle and the gerund in the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Fill in the blanks with suitable words and word combinations given below:
- •6. (A) For the verbs in Column I find suitable nouns in Column II.
- •7. (A) Translate the following word combinations:
- •10. The following statements are not true to the fact. Correct them:
- •11. Make an outline of the text.
- •12. Retell the text.
- •1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •2. Translate the following word chains into Russian, define what part of speech the words are.
- •4 Translate into Russian:
- •8. Form 10 sentences using the following words:
- •10. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the words in bold type:
- •11. Retell the text.
- •12. (A) Fill in the blanks with prepositions, if necessary; (b) retell the text:
- •1. Learn Active Words and Expressions
- •2. Look through the text and find the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations. Use them in your own situations.
- •The Infinitive
- •2. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the infinitive
- •3. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the words in bold type:
- •4. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the infinitive:
- •5. Fill in the blanks with the words one or for:
- •6. Write out from the text all the sentences where the infinitive is used, and define its function. .
- •1. Active Words and Expressions
- •3. According to the models given below form sentences combining suitable parts of the sentence given in Columns I, II, III, IV,
- •5. Work in pairs, ask your fellow-students questions:
- •6. Explain why:
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •1 Learn the following active words and expressions and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •3. (A) Find the non-finite forms of the verb in the text; (b) define their functions.
- •4. Translate the following words and define what parts of speech they are:
- •5. Write out the adjectives with the suffix -able from the text. Translate them.
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •9. Translate the following word combinations and use them in sentences of your own:
- •Exercises
- •2. (A) Give headings to each paragraph of the text; (b) explain why you have given such headings.
- •3. Translate the following sentences:
- •4. Define the non-finite forms of the verb met in the text.
- •5. Put 10 questions to the text.
- •6. Translate the following sentences:
- •7. Speak on:
- •Exercises
9. Translate the following word combinations and use them in sentences of your own:
gas turbine, iron bar, liquid state, energy distribution, heat power, wind speed, power generation, heat power plant
10. Describe the construction and the operation of a wind-power plant.
LESSON TWENTY-FOUR
NEW SOURCE OF ENERGY AGAIN! Tides and Tidal Power Plants
The main purpose of this article is to give some idea of one more natural source of electric energy and the existing methods, ways and means of its use.
Coal, oil, wind, water and atomic energy — these are familiar sources of power, but what is tidal energy?
The periodic rise and fall of the ocean on a coast line is well known. In the open ocean the changes in level amount to only about 61 cm, or so. On the coasts of continents it is often much greater. At any rate, tides like wind will last for ever.
Utilization of tidal energy has been studied more or less extensively in a number of countries, such as the USSR, the USA, France, Canada, England, and others. The fact is that tidal forces are expected to make considerable contribution if not to present-day, at least to future electricity production. By intercepting ocean or sea water at high tide in a basin and directing it back through turbines at low tide, one could create a kind of a working hydro-electric plant.
Although there are tides along all coasts of all continents, not all places possess the necessary qualities for the installation of an efficient, reliable and economical tidal power plant. The most important features are the amplitude of the tide, the surface area of the basin, and the size of the dam required. The higher the tide, the larger the area of the available basin, and the smaller the dam required, the better the locality. Suitable places can be found, for instance, on the French coast and it is probably there that a big t. e. s. was constructed.
The Soviet Union's tidal power sources are among the greatest in the world. No wonder that several large tidal power plants are planned here. Kislaya Bay on the Barents Sea was found to be the. very place for the construction of the first experimental t. e. s. At high tide water from the Barents Sea will flow in through an operating turbine, while at low tide the water will be conducted back to the sea through that very turbine, making it work in both directions. Such a turbine makes it possible to use both high and low tides to the best advantage.
The Kislaya Bay station is an experimental project and Its planned capacity is not large. But that is not the principal thing. What is important is the possibility of testing the design of the station under consideration. The results obtained will enable designers to solve the main problems for several other powerful and super powerful tidal plants to go into operation in future. One cannot help mentioning in this connection the Belomorsky project of a t. e. s. which is to have a power capacity greater than that of Bratsk, the biggest hydro-electric station in the world.
Active Words and Expressions
Area (n) район, участок
Coast line береговая линия
Dam (n) плотина
Design (n, v) проект
Enable (v) давать возможность
Level (n) уровень
locality (n) местность, район
rise (n) подъем, повышение
tide (n) прилив и отлив
utilization использование