- •Навчальний посібник
- •Why we should feel responsible for future generations
- •Vocabulary
- •Before you Read Reading Without Understanding the Meaning of Every Word
- •Ecology or Egology? The Role of the Individual in the Environmental Crisis
- •Analyzing Topic Sentences
- •Find the topic sentence in each paragraph.
- •Be sure you know the vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary
- •1 Choose the best answer.
- •2 Give the English equivalents to the following words:
- •3 Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the following words:
- •4 Discussion questions.
- •The Environment and Homo Sapiens
- •Vocabulary
- •1 Checking comprehension.
- •2 Match the words below with the following definitions:
- •Pollution
- •The Nuclear Disaster at Chernobyl
- •Vocabulary
- •1 Comprehension Questions:
- •2 Match the words below with the following definitions:
- •3 Choose the right answer:
- •Pollution and What We Can Do About It
- •Vocabulary
- •1 Checking comprehension.
- •2 Find the English equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:
- •4 Think of some interesting ways of recycling each of these:
- •5 Comment on the following words by Professor Gerald Darrell of the University of California. Do you agree with these words? Justify your answer.
- •Prereading Task Reading for a Specific Purpose
- •Ecological Issues of Canada
- •Comprehension Check
- •Vocabulary
- •Using New Words
- •Vocabulary
- •1 Comprehension Questions:
- •2 Match the following words and definitions:
- •3 Choose the right answer:
- •Saving the World’s Tropical Rain Forests.
- •Vocabulary
- •Speaking
- •Translate the text orally: Ecological Solutions to Flooding and Water Supply Problems in Woodlands
- •Vocabulary
- •1 Comprehension Questions:
- •2 Match the following words and definitions:
- •3 Choose the right answer:
- •Population Explosion
- •Extinction
- •Global Warming
- •A brief history of the future
- •Read the article and find out what Stephen Hawking’s predictions for the areas in 3 are.
- •Work with a partner and answer these questions:
- •Look at these extracts from the text. Use prepositions to complete the sentences.
- •Check your answers with the text.
- •Use the expressions in italics and the prepositions from 4 to complete these sentences.
- •Compare your answers with a partner. Are any of the sentences true for you or your country?
- •1 Complete the article using the following phrases.
- •Think of five more predictions for the future of the world. Work in groups and decide which predictions are:
- •How would you like to see the world change in the future? Write five sentences using the prompts:
- •Work in small groups and share your ideas. Which are the most common, interesting or unusual ideas? references
Comprehension Check
1 Describe the problem in Canada's Great Lakes?
2 Which forests in Canada are ecologists especially
worried about?
3 What problem is Banff National Park facing?
4 How can we reduce our household garbage?
5 What kinds of transportation are most healthy for us
and for the planet?
6 Name one Canadian city in which air pollution is
occasionally a problem.
Be sure you know the vocabulary:
Vocabulary
pollution the introduction into the environment of substances which are harmful to it
depots places where some specific object or objects are brought for collection and redistribution
to compost to treat organic (plant and animal) garbage so that it will turn into a fertile, earth-like product which can then be used to nourish new plant life
toxic waste waste which poisons the environment, killing life forms
landfill sites places where large amounts of garbage are dumped or buried
designated designed for one particular purpose asthmatics people who suffer from breathing problems because they have asthma, a common respiratory illness
tetrapaks cardboard containers for liquid; they are recyclable vigilant watchful in a protective way
Using New Words
From the list above, fill in each of the blanks below. You will have to use the singular form of one of the words.
1 Animals that drink water from rivers polluted by
____________ from industries may well die or become
seriously ill.
2 You can get money from your used pop and beer bottles
if you take them to a bottle ________ .
3 You should not throw medicine or other toxic chemicals
into your garbage because if they are taken to ________,
they may pollute the groundwater.
4 ________ find breathing difficult around people who
are smoking.
5 Recyclable bottles and ________ are popular with those
who want to protect our environment.
6 In some office buildings, there is a room ________ for
smokers.
7 Air and water ________ can cause illnesses.
8 Many households have two garbage disposal pails, one
for the dry garbage and one used to ________ the "wet"
garbage.
9 Parents of small children are normally very _______when
their children go outside to play.
For Discussion
What areas do you know where people's abuse of the planet has led to major problems for the environment, and for the people and other life forms in those areas?
What common Canadian behaviors contribute to pollution?
What kinds of lifestyle changes need to be made to solve the problems of pollution worldwide?
Translate the text in writing:
Saving Canada’s Troubled Fisheries.
Canada is a nation of incredible beauty. Vast open plains and rich forests blanket her lands. Wild life still abounds in her unspoiled wilderness. But the rich natural resource base that supports Canada’s 25 million people is slowly coming unraveled. In eastern Canada, for example, 10,000 lakes are so acidic that experts believe they are no longer containing fish. In lake Ontario fishermen now reel in salmon ulcerated by tumors.
Canada’s freshwater fisheries are now in chaos. Fish populations are declining, and spawning and rearing areas are being lost each year to urban development and industrialization. In some areas fish are contaminated and are unfit for human consumption.
The destruction of Canada’s once-famous fisheries results from many different causes. Overfishing by commercial interests, native Canadians, and recreationists is a leading cause. Air pollution from Canadian and US smokestacks and cities contributes, as do water pollutants from Canadian cities and paper mills. Fertilizers and pesticides from farmlands are also a major factor. Unfortunately, say many Canadians, the management of recreational fishing is left to the provincial governments, which are generally under budgeted and stretched too thin. That impairs control.
Although anglers still harvest 45,000 tons of fish per year and spend $4.7 billion (in Canadian dollars) in the process, fishing has deteriorated significantly in the past five years. But many Canadian anglers have decided to take matters into their own hands. In record numbers, they are finding ways to rescue their favorite streams and to influence political leaders to help protect their vanishing resource. They are also putting pressure on the federal government to tackle some of the more overwhelming problems that require national solutions.
Anglers turned out in record numbers to save the Credit River, a trout stream 70 kilometers from Toronto, home of three million people. There, anglers labored hard to remove dead trees and other obstructions that have changed the stream flow, making it warmer and unsuitable for trout. And they have begun to repair riverbank erosion, which increases the sediment load in streams and destroys spawning sites.
The Credit River is only one of many rivers that have been rescued by these ambitious Canadians. Fifteen years ago the Bow River, a large stream that flows through Calgary, was likened to an open sewer, but local anglers applied pressure to political leaders to ensure minimum-flow dam releases, better waste treatment, and tighter fishing regulations. As a result, the river is now a blue-ribbon trout stream.
Instead of just griping as in the past, people are out their cleaning and improving streams, planting eggs and fry, pushing for mandatory hook and release and other conservation measures. In Ontario, anglers lobbied to institute fishing licenses. As a result of their successful campaign, Ontario fishing licenses now produce millions of dollars used to protect fish and manage their fisheries better.
Another exciting development is the Community Fisheries Involvement Program (CFIP) in Ontario, a cooperative program between private interests groups and the government. The government provides technical advice and some money;
The group provides labor. Thousands of individuals work on such projects as cleaning up streams, building incubation boxes, and anything else to help improve trout and salmon streams.
Ontario’s CFIP is a model program. British Columbia has started a similar program to protect streams. In a single year 250 fishery projects involving 8,000 volunteers from all walks of life are carried out in British Columbia. This idea is spreading fast to other parts of British Columbia and is a good example of what people can do to make a difference in their environment.
Learn the vocabulary by heart: