Vocabulary

1. to unfold- ставатися (про подію)

2. pandemonium-пекло

3. to break loose-траплятися

4. to anticipate-очікувати

5. power output-виробництво енергії

6. emergency-надзвичайний стан

7. safety system-система безпеки

8. coolant-охолоджувач

9. graphite- графіт

10. to spew- випорожнятися

11. lead- свинець

12. boron- бор

13. concrete- бетон

14. to melt down-танути

15. to contaminate-забруднювати

16. to expose to-піддаватися

17. to succumb-поступатися

18. soil-грунт

19. high rate-високий ступінь

20. to spread-розповсюджуватися

21. to estimate-оцінювати

22. to be a victim-бути жертвою

23. to suffer from-страждати від

24. livestock-сільськогосподарські тварини

25. to threaten-погрожувати

1 Comprehension Questions:

What happened at Chernobyl?

1. What did Swedish and West German nuclear experts advise to do?

2. What did the accident at Chernobyl cause?

3. Did radiation spread throughout Europe?

2 Match the words below with the following definitions:

toll the central or most important part of something

core a thick flat piece

slab the costs suffered as a result of war, disease, famine

emergency a very small bit

particle a serious and dangerous happening or situation needing quick action

3 Choose the right answer:

1 Why did the plant operators reduce power output?

1. to deactivate a safety system;

2. b) to blow the roof off the building;

3. c) to run some tests on the reactor;

4. d) to test the turbines.

2 What was the advice of Swedish nuclear experts?

a) to begin to drop sand, lead and boron;

b) to begin to drop graphite;

c) to begin to drop thick cement slabs;

d) to begin to spew radioactive isotopes into the atmosphere.

4. Find the English equivalents of the following words:

сталь, танути, вибух, встановлювати, отруйний, переважати, довгостроковий, вражати, жертва, сусідній.

5. Define the tense forms of the verbs and put them into the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1) The plant was eventually entombed in concrete.

2) The accident at Chernobyl caused a number of immediate deaths.

4. The plant operators were running some tests on the reactor.

6. Put four types of questions.

1. Ecological problems are among the acutest facing the world today.

2. The Precarpathians is the land of an unspeakable beauty.

7 Discussion Points. Do you agree or disagree to the following statements? Specify your answer and give your reasons.

1) The advantages and disadvantages of the nuclear power usage.

2) The consequences of the Chernobyl disaster.

3) Work out a set of measures to prevent such disasters in the future.

Translate the text orally:

Pollution and What We Can Do About It

A lot of people feel that pollution has become one of the biggest problems in the world today. But when we talk about pollution, what do we really mean? When you pollute something, you make it dirty or dangerous for other people or animals. For example, if you put engine oil in water, you pollute it; nobody will be able to drink it or wash in it.

The main reason for pollution is waste — something, which is no longer, needed. Waste can be many things: yesterday's newspaper, an old car, your dirty bath water or smoke from a factory chimney. Some waste is dangerous because it contains poisons. This kind of waste is called toxic waste.

All living things, especially people, make waste. All over the world, there are people polluting the land, the sea and the air. There are six billion people in the world. They all need to eat, dress and travel. Most of them need to heat their homes as well. People buy things, they use them and they throw their old things away. Today, we live in a "throw-away" world. Everyone adds to the problem of waste just by being there.

Some rich countries dispose of their waste in other coun­tries — they use poor countries as rubbish dumps. That is not really an answer, it is just another problem. The only way out is conserva­tion and recycling.

Recycling waste is something more expensive than dumping it. But if we do not do something soon, our waste will poison our world.

Conservation means conserving things — saving things, or us­ing them carefully. When you turn off the light in the daytime, you are conserving energy. When you write notes on the back of an old letter, you are conserving materials. You are also conserving your money.

Recycling means conserving materials and energy by using things again instead of throwing them away. It is important for three reasons. It reduces pollution. It conserves energy and materials. And it saves money, which can then be spent on other things. For example, tyres can be recycled to make pipes and floor covering. Paper can be re­cycled into packing materials, toilet paper, egg boxes, writing paper and paper bags. Metal can be melted and used again and again. Even old Cola cans are flattened into small metal bricks and then melted to produce new cans.

After you have reused and recycled your metal, glass, paper, plastics and fabric, there is still a lot of waste to dispose of. Most of it is ordinary household waste, which is usually dumped in landfill sites. But it is possible to burn rubbish to produce energy. In Den­mark, Japan and Switzerland, more than half of ordinary household waste is now burned to produce electricity.

Well, now what can you do to recycle materials and conserve en­ergy? Because it is true that you cannot melt plastic into a sweater or melt down your old refrigerator. But you can use everything sensi­bly and carefully. For example, you can say "No" to plastic bags in shops, and take your own shopping bag. You can give things away and not throw them away. You may write notes on the backs of old let­ters and Christmas cards. Finally, try to buy and use recycled products.

Learn the vocabulary by heart: