- •Неличные формы глагола инфинитив
- •(Verbals)
- •Verbal Predicate
- •The infinitive
- •The infinitive can be:
- •1.1 Forms of the infinitive
- •Practice
- •1.2. The bare infinitive and the to-infinitive the use of the bare infinitive
- •1.2.1 “Let”, “make”, “would rather/ sooner” and “had better”
- •1.2.2 The infinitive with or without “to” after “help” and “know”
- •Practice
- •Context
- •When we were at school as children we were (make/wear) ……………………………
- •1.3. The functions of the infinitive
- •1.3.1 Infinitive as subject
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •The compound verbal predicate
- •Practice
- •Infinitive as subject
- •Infinitive as predicative
- •The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate
- •1.3.2 The infinitive as object
- •Come lend repeat show shut wait
- •2. Complete the sentences for each situation.
- •3. Complete these sentences so that the meaning is similar to the first sentence.
- •4. Put the verb in the right form:–ing or infinitive (with or without to).
- •1.3.3. The infinitive as attribute
- •5. The noun-substitute one.
- •Practice
- •Model: I had avoided the house all day and had brought food that we could eat by the lake.
- •Complete the following using the infinitives as attributes.
- •1.3.4. The infinitive as adverbial modifier
- •Adverbial modifier of purpose
- •Revision
- •1.4. Constructions with the Infinitive
- •1.4.1 The for-to-infinitive construction
- •In translating this construction into Russian a subordinate clause or an infinitive is used.
- •Sentence patterns with the for-phrase
- •Practice
- •1.4.2 The Objective with the Infinitive Construction (Complex object)
- •The Complex Object is used after the verbs:
- •Practice
- •1.4.3 The subjective infinitive construction (complex subject) (the Nominative-with-the-lnfinitive Construction)
- •Practice
- •1.5 Test yourself
- •Insert 'to’ where necessary before the infinitives in brackets:
- •Fill in the correct form of the Infinitive:
- •Paraphrase the sentences so as to use the Infinitive:
- •Define the function of the Infinitive:
- •Translate the sentences into English using infinitives and infinitive constructions:
- •Bibliography
1.3.3. The infinitive as attribute
The English infinitive functioning as an attribute can modify:
1. nouns, both abstract and concrete:
Because of his quarrel with his family he was in no position to get the news.
The best thing to do would be to go back.
2. indefinite, negative and universal pronouns in -body, -thing, -one (one):
Have you anything to offer me?
He was someone to admire.
He had everything to make his life a happy one.
Occasionally personal and reflexive pronouns:
I've only you to look to.
Oh, but you have only yourself to praise.
3. substantivized ordinal numerals (especially first) and the substantivized adjectives next and last:
Jack was the first to come.
She was the last to reach the hall.
4. the substantivized quantitative adjectives much, little, (no) more, (no) less, little more, enough:
A man in your position has so much to lose. I've no more to add.
the substantivized adverb nowhere:
Now I had nobody to see, nowhere to go.
5. The noun-substitute one.
I am not the one to run about and discuss my affairs with other people.
The most common form of the infinitive functioning as an attribute is the non-perfect common aspect active voice form.
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N.B! When performing the function of an attribute the infinitive is always used with the particle to. If there are two or more homogeneous attributes the second (and the following) retain to if joined asyndetically, but drop it if joined by conjunctions. There was, however, my little Jean to look after, to take care of. Did he give you any small parcel to bring back and deliver to anyone in England? I suppose there’s nothing to be done, but comply and depart. |
The relation between the attributive infinitive and its head word can be of four kinds: subjective, objective, adverbial and appositive.
1. In phrases with subjective relation the head word denotes:
a) the doer of the action of the infinitive
But I wasn't the only person to hear you (who heard you).
There was nothing to take him into the city (which would take).
b) the bearer of the state expressed by an adjective or stative following the infinitive of the verb to be:
He was not the man to be proud of his wealth. He is the last man to be afraid of you.
2. In phrases with objective relation the head word denotes an object (direct or prepositional):
I have no money to give him: we are getting poor. But isn't there something to be done right now?
If the infinitive requires a prepositional object, the latter is placed after the infinitive:
Now I had nothing more to think about. There was Irene to be thought of.
It isn't an idea to be proud of. He's done nothing to be ashamed of.
3. In phrases with an adverbial relation the head word denotes the time, place, or manner of the action expressed by the infinitive. The range of nouns used in such phrases is semantically limited:
All this I saw in a moment, for I had only a moment to see in. (time relation)
I have no home to go. It was a wonderful place to be taken to. (space relation) .
This is the way to teach him. (relation of manner)
4. In phrases with an appositive relation the head word is an abstract noun which requires a certain explication of its meaning, and the infinitive provides that explication:
She manifested the greatest anxiety to be on good terms with him. They had no desire to spread scandal, no desire to be ill-natured.
The infinitive as an attribute may be introduced by a conjunction:
He had sought in vain for inspiration how to awaken love.
I had now an idea what to do.
The conjunctive infinitive phrase may be governed by a preposition:
They had no knowledge of how to live on.
He's got no information about when to start.
COMMENTARY
This is a film not to be missed.
“to be missed” is an attribute expressed by an indefinite infinitive passive with the particle “to’ used after a common noun “film”