- •Неличные формы глагола инфинитив
- •(Verbals)
- •Verbal Predicate
- •The infinitive
- •The infinitive can be:
- •1.1 Forms of the infinitive
- •Practice
- •1.2. The bare infinitive and the to-infinitive the use of the bare infinitive
- •1.2.1 “Let”, “make”, “would rather/ sooner” and “had better”
- •1.2.2 The infinitive with or without “to” after “help” and “know”
- •Practice
- •Context
- •When we were at school as children we were (make/wear) ……………………………
- •1.3. The functions of the infinitive
- •1.3.1 Infinitive as subject
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •The compound verbal predicate
- •Practice
- •Infinitive as subject
- •Infinitive as predicative
- •The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate
- •1.3.2 The infinitive as object
- •Come lend repeat show shut wait
- •2. Complete the sentences for each situation.
- •3. Complete these sentences so that the meaning is similar to the first sentence.
- •4. Put the verb in the right form:–ing or infinitive (with or without to).
- •1.3.3. The infinitive as attribute
- •5. The noun-substitute one.
- •Practice
- •Model: I had avoided the house all day and had brought food that we could eat by the lake.
- •Complete the following using the infinitives as attributes.
- •1.3.4. The infinitive as adverbial modifier
- •Adverbial modifier of purpose
- •Revision
- •1.4. Constructions with the Infinitive
- •1.4.1 The for-to-infinitive construction
- •In translating this construction into Russian a subordinate clause or an infinitive is used.
- •Sentence patterns with the for-phrase
- •Practice
- •1.4.2 The Objective with the Infinitive Construction (Complex object)
- •The Complex Object is used after the verbs:
- •Practice
- •1.4.3 The subjective infinitive construction (complex subject) (the Nominative-with-the-lnfinitive Construction)
- •Practice
- •1.5 Test yourself
- •Insert 'to’ where necessary before the infinitives in brackets:
- •Fill in the correct form of the Infinitive:
- •Paraphrase the sentences so as to use the Infinitive:
- •Define the function of the Infinitive:
- •Translate the sentences into English using infinitives and infinitive constructions:
- •Bibliography
1.4.3 The subjective infinitive construction (complex subject) (the Nominative-with-the-lnfinitive Construction)
The Complex Subject consists of a noun/pronoun (in the nominative case) and the Infinitive. It is considered to be the subject of the sentence, its Russian equivalent is in most cases a subordinate clause.
□ Laser is known to be used in medicine.
Известно, что лазер широко используется в медицине.
The Complex Subject is used with:
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1. the following groups of verbs in the Passive: ♦ denoting sense perception: to see, to hear, to notice, etc. ♦ denoting mental activity: to think, to consider, to believe, to expect, to suppose, to know, etc. |
0 The car was seen to disappear in the distance. Видели, как машина скрылась вдали. □ She was heard to laugh heartily. Слышно было, как она весело смеялась. □ Не was thought to be honest and kind. Его считали честным и добрым человеком. (Считали, что он...) □ Не is considered to have been one of the most popular writers of his time. Считается, что он был одним из самых популярных писателей своего времени. |
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♦ the verbs: to say, to report |
П She is said to be working at the factory. |
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(сообщать), to order, |
Говорят, что она сейчас работает на заводе. |
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to ask, to allow, to state |
□The delegation is reported to have left Moscow. |
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(заявлять), to announce |
Сообщается, что делегация уже покинула |
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(объявлять). |
Москву. |
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2. word groups: to be likely |
□ Не is unlikely to know her address. |
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(вероятно), to be unlikely |
Маловероятно {вряд ли), что он знает ее |
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(маловероятно, вряд ли), |
адрес. |
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to be certain/to be sure |
□ Не is sure to be asked about it. |
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(несомненно, обязательно, |
Его наверняка об этом спросят. |
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бесспорно, непременно). |
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3. pairs of synonyms: |
□ They seem to have quite forgotten us already. |
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to seem/to appear (казаться, |
Они, кажется, совершенно нас забыли. |
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по-видимому), to prove/to |
□ The first experiment proved to be a success. |
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turn out (оказываться), |
Первый опыт оказался удачным. |
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to happen/to chance |
□ Only yesterday we happened to meet the man. |
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(случаться). |
Только вчера мы случайно встретили этого |
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человека. |
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Neaative forms: |
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don't seem |
□ Не doesn't seem to know this subject. |
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doesn't prove + infinitive |
Он, кажется, не знает этого предмета. |
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didn't happen |
□ Не didn't prove to be a very experienced |
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engineer. |
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Он оказался не очень опытным инженером. |
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□ Не didn't happen to be there at that time. |
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Случилось так, что его не было там в это |
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время. |
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is/are not likely + infinitive |
□ Не is not likely to come today. |
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Он, вероятно, не придет сегодня. |
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NOTES:
1. The Infinitive in the Complex Subject is used in all its forms and expresses:
a) a simultaneous action
- Не is said to live in London.
Говорят, что он живет в Лондоне.
b) an action in progress
□ The water seems to be boiling. Кажется, вода кипит.
c) an action prior to the action expressed by the finite verb
□ They are reported to have finished the construction. Сообщают, что они уже закончили строительство.
2. The Infinitive in sentences with the Complex Subject cannot refer to the future except with the verbs and word-groups: to expect, to be sure/certain, to be likely. We are sure to come to the heart of the matter. Мы обязательно доберемся до сути дела.
□ He is expected to give us an answer tomorrow. Ожидают, что он даст нам ответ завтра.
3. If the verbs to prove, to seem/to appear (выглядеть, производить впечатление) are followed by adjectives or nouns, the verb to be after them can be omitted.
□ She proved (to be) very clever. Она казалась очень умной.
□ Не seems ill.
Он выглядит больным.
□ Не appears an experienced teacher.
Он производит впечатление опытного преподавателя.
COMPARE:
□ Не seems ill. □ Не seems to be ill.
Он выглядит больным. Он, кажется, болен.
4. After the verbs in the Passive Voice the Complex Subject is more characteristic of a literary than a colloquial style, except with the verbs to suppose, to expect, to make.