- •Неличные формы глагола инфинитив
- •(Verbals)
- •Verbal Predicate
- •The infinitive
- •The infinitive can be:
- •1.1 Forms of the infinitive
- •Practice
- •1.2. The bare infinitive and the to-infinitive the use of the bare infinitive
- •1.2.1 “Let”, “make”, “would rather/ sooner” and “had better”
- •1.2.2 The infinitive with or without “to” after “help” and “know”
- •Practice
- •Context
- •When we were at school as children we were (make/wear) ……………………………
- •1.3. The functions of the infinitive
- •1.3.1 Infinitive as subject
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •The compound verbal predicate
- •Practice
- •Infinitive as subject
- •Infinitive as predicative
- •The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate
- •1.3.2 The infinitive as object
- •Come lend repeat show shut wait
- •2. Complete the sentences for each situation.
- •3. Complete these sentences so that the meaning is similar to the first sentence.
- •4. Put the verb in the right form:–ing or infinitive (with or without to).
- •1.3.3. The infinitive as attribute
- •5. The noun-substitute one.
- •Practice
- •Model: I had avoided the house all day and had brought food that we could eat by the lake.
- •Complete the following using the infinitives as attributes.
- •1.3.4. The infinitive as adverbial modifier
- •Adverbial modifier of purpose
- •Revision
- •1.4. Constructions with the Infinitive
- •1.4.1 The for-to-infinitive construction
- •In translating this construction into Russian a subordinate clause or an infinitive is used.
- •Sentence patterns with the for-phrase
- •Practice
- •1.4.2 The Objective with the Infinitive Construction (Complex object)
- •The Complex Object is used after the verbs:
- •Practice
- •1.4.3 The subjective infinitive construction (complex subject) (the Nominative-with-the-lnfinitive Construction)
- •Practice
- •1.5 Test yourself
- •Insert 'to’ where necessary before the infinitives in brackets:
- •Fill in the correct form of the Infinitive:
- •Paraphrase the sentences so as to use the Infinitive:
- •Define the function of the Infinitive:
- •Translate the sentences into English using infinitives and infinitive constructions:
- •Bibliography
ЛИНГВОГУМАНИТАРНЫЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «МИНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
Неличные формы глагола инфинитив
ДИСЦИПЛИНА
«ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА»
Минск, 2007
Авторы-составители: И.В.Зазнова, Н.Л. Татарицкая
Рассмотрено и одобрено на заседании предметно-цикловой комиссии практической грамматики.
Протокол №3 от 22.10.2007 г.
CONTENTS
NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB ……………………………………… 2
1.1 THE INFINITIVE. FORMS OF THE INFINITIVE……………………… 3
1.2 THE BARE INFINITIVE AND THE TO-INFINITIVE …………………. 9
1.3 FUNCTIONS OF THE INFINITIVE …………………………………….. 16
1.4 CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE INFINITIVE ………………………….. 44
1.5 TEST YOURSELF ……………………………………………………….. 60
NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB
(Verbals)
Nonfinite forms of the verb do not limit the verb to a particular number, tense, person or mood and do not function as predicates. In other words, they cannot make sentences, they form only word-combinations: the money borrowed in the bank, the idea of promoting Mr Smith, etc. These forms are also called Verbals because they are made from the verb.
The function of Nonfinite forms of the verb is to complicate sentences adding another verbal structure to the finite one:
Verbal Predicate
The money borrowed in the bank provides basic finance.
The idea of promoting Mr. Smith belonged to the manager.
The above sentences are formally simple as they have only one finite verb (Predicate), but logically there are two ideas that are joined in one sentence:
E.g. The money borrowed in the bank provides basic finance.
The money was borrowed in the bank. The money provides basic finance.
There are four Verbals in the English language: the Infinitive, the Gerund, Participle I and Participle II, two of which - the Gerund and Participle I - coincide in the form:
|
The infinitive |
The Gerund |
Participle I |
Participle II |
|
to do to write |
doing writing |
doing writing |
done written |
The Verbals have voice, aspect and perfect distinctions and they fulfill different functions, consistent with different parts of speech such as the noun, the adjective, and the adverb.
All non-finite verb forms may participate in so –called predicative constructions, where the noun (or pronoun) and a verbal are in predicative relations similar to those of the subject and the predicate:
Eg. I heard Jane singing. We waited for the train to pass. I saw him run.
* Finite forms of the verb are the ones that have a particular number, tense, person or mood and their function in sentences is to be a predicate. In other words, Finite forms of the verb make sentences:
The money provides basic finance. It was borrowed in the bank.
Mr. Smith was promoted. The idea belonged to the manager.