- •Неличные формы глагола инфинитив
- •(Verbals)
- •Verbal Predicate
- •The infinitive
- •The infinitive can be:
- •1.1 Forms of the infinitive
- •Practice
- •1.2. The bare infinitive and the to-infinitive the use of the bare infinitive
- •1.2.1 “Let”, “make”, “would rather/ sooner” and “had better”
- •1.2.2 The infinitive with or without “to” after “help” and “know”
- •Practice
- •Context
- •When we were at school as children we were (make/wear) ……………………………
- •1.3. The functions of the infinitive
- •1.3.1 Infinitive as subject
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •The compound verbal predicate
- •Practice
- •Infinitive as subject
- •Infinitive as predicative
- •The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate
- •1.3.2 The infinitive as object
- •Come lend repeat show shut wait
- •2. Complete the sentences for each situation.
- •3. Complete these sentences so that the meaning is similar to the first sentence.
- •4. Put the verb in the right form:–ing or infinitive (with or without to).
- •1.3.3. The infinitive as attribute
- •5. The noun-substitute one.
- •Practice
- •Model: I had avoided the house all day and had brought food that we could eat by the lake.
- •Complete the following using the infinitives as attributes.
- •1.3.4. The infinitive as adverbial modifier
- •Adverbial modifier of purpose
- •Revision
- •1.4. Constructions with the Infinitive
- •1.4.1 The for-to-infinitive construction
- •In translating this construction into Russian a subordinate clause or an infinitive is used.
- •Sentence patterns with the for-phrase
- •Practice
- •1.4.2 The Objective with the Infinitive Construction (Complex object)
- •The Complex Object is used after the verbs:
- •Practice
- •1.4.3 The subjective infinitive construction (complex subject) (the Nominative-with-the-lnfinitive Construction)
- •Practice
- •1.5 Test yourself
- •Insert 'to’ where necessary before the infinitives in brackets:
- •Fill in the correct form of the Infinitive:
- •Paraphrase the sentences so as to use the Infinitive:
- •Define the function of the Infinitive:
- •Translate the sentences into English using infinitives and infinitive constructions:
- •Bibliography
1.4.2 The Objective with the Infinitive Construction (Complex object)
In the objective with the infinitive construction the infinitive (usually an infinitive phrase) is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case. It is rendered in Russian by an object clause.
It is mostly translated into Russian by an object clause.
Subject + Predicate + Noun (Pronoun) + Infinitive
- I want Mother (her) to help me.
Я хочу, чтобы мама (она) помогла мне.
- They expect the steamer to leave tonight.
Они ожидают, что пароход отойдет сегодня вечером.
The Complex Object is used after the verbs:
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1. of mental activity: to know, to think, to consider, to believe, to find (считать, полагать), to expect, to suppose (предполагать), to imagine, to feel, to trust, to mean, etc. After these verbs the verb to be is generally used. (It can be omitted after the verbs to consider, to find, to declare). The use of this construction after most verbs of mental activity is more characteristic of literary style. 2. of declaring: to pronounce, to declare, to report, to teach.
3. denoting wish and intention: to want, to wish, to desire, to mean, to intend/to choose (= want).
4. denoting feeling and emotion: to like, to dislike, to hate
5. denoting order and permission: to order, to allow, to suffer (неохотно разрешать, позволить скрепя сердце), to ask (for), to command, to encourage, to forbid, etc. In most cases after these verbs the Passive Infinitive is used.
6. denoting sense perception: to hear, to see, to watch, to feel, to observe, etc. After such verbs the bare infinitive (without "to") is used. After these verbs only the Indefinite Infinitive Active is used. If the meaning is passive we use Participle II. If the process is expressed Participle I Indefinite Active is used.
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- I knew them to be right. Я знал, что они правы. □ We expect them to arrive soon. Мы ожидаем, что они скоро приедут.
- I find him (to be) a very clever man. Я нахожу, что он очень умный человек. - I don't consider him (to be) an honest man. Я не считаю, что он честный человек.
- The doctor pronounced the wound to be a slight one. Врач сказал, что рана легкая.
- He intended me to go with him to India. Он хотел, чтобы я поехала с ним в Индию. - I want you to stop worrying. Я хочу, чтобы ты прекратил волноваться.
- Tell me what you would like me to do. Скажи, что бы ты хотела, чтобы я сделал.
- The captain ordered the cases to be loaded. Капитан приказал погрузить ящики. - Не asked for the letter to be sent off at once. Он просил, чтобы письмо было отправлено немедленно (отослать письмо немедленно). - She asked to be shown the photo. Она попросила показать ей фотографию. - Mr Domby suffered his daughter to play with Paul. Мистер Домби неохотно разрешил своей дочери играть с Полем.
- I saw Brown enter the room. Я видел, как Браун вошел в комнату. - I felt the blood rush into my cheeks. Я почувствовал, как кровь прилила к моим щекам. - I saw the fire slowly conquered. Я видел, как пожар постепенно потушили. - Не saw Fleur coming. Он видел, как Флер подходила к нам.
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COMPARE:
Verb + Infinitive
I saw him enter the shop. (I saw the whole action - he opened the door, went in and disappeard.)
Verb + Participle I
I saw him entering the shop. (This action was in progress when I saw him).
NOTES:
1. The verbs to see and to hear are followed by a clause (not by the Infinitive Construction) when they are not really verbs of sense perception, i.e. when the verb to see means "to understand" and the verb to hear- "to learn, to be told"
- I saw that she didn't realize the danger.
Я видел (понимал), что она не осознает опасности.
- I heard that he had left for the south.
Я слышал (мне сказали), что он уехал на юг.
2. After the verbs to see and to notice the Complex Object is not used with the verb to be, a clause is used in that case:
- I saw that he was pale. Я видел, что он побледнел.