- •Topic 8: semantic redundancy of oral messages. Interpreter's note–taking
- •8.1. Semantic Redundancy as one of the Main Properties of Oral Discourse
- •8.2. Ways of Ensuring Semantic Redundancy of Oral Messages
- •8.3. Semantic Redundancy: Recommendations for Interpreters
- •8.4. Interpreter's Note–taking
- •Basic interpetation and linguistic terms used in topic 8
- •How the Zero was Discovered
- •Legacy of death, bad health lingers from Chornobyl blast
- •Topic 9: lexical aspects of interpretation
- •9.1. The Notion of the “Focus of Meaning”
- •9.2. Subject Field Terms: Ways of Interpreting Them
- •9.3. Clichés and Idioms as an Interpretation Problem
- •9.4. “Troublemaking” Lexical Units: Numerals, Proper Names, Specific Items of the National Lexicon, Abbreviations, Acronyms and “Misleading Words”
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 9
- •Blood-sucking leeches popular for treatments
- •Topic 10: "gaps" in perception of oral discourse and ways of "filling them in" in interpreting
- •10.1. The Notion of "Gaps" in Perceiving Original Texts
- •10.2. Phonological "Gaps"
- •10.3. Lexical "Gaps"
- •10.4. Grammatical "Gaps"
- •10.5. Ways of Filling in the "Gaps" in Interpreting
- •10.6. Ways of Fighting Phonological Complications
- •Caused by Accents and Dialects
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 10
- •Topic 11: problems of translating idioms
- •11.1. Knowing Idioms is the Way to Speak Like a Native
- •11.2. Grammatical Nature of Idioms
- •11.3. Etymology of Idioms
- •11.4. How to Learn Idioms and Practice Them
- •American English Idioms
- •Tricky translations
- •In the text below you will find various word combinations using the word “job”. Their translations into Ukrainian follow in brackets:
- •Looking for a job
- •Topic 12: levels and components of interpretation. Interpreter’s challenges. Conference interpreting
- •12.1. Communication during Two-way Interpretation
- •Interpreter
- •12.2. Two Levels of Interpretation
- •12.3. Triad of Interpretation Process
- •12.4. Specifics and Situations in Interpreting Process
- •12.5. Factor of Time
- •One monument to two events: Christianization, municipal rights
- •Topic 13: precision and basis information, their distinctions and importance for interpretation adequacy
- •13.1. Constituents of Precision and Basis Information
- •13.2. Rendering pi in the Process of Interpretation
- •13.3. Undesirable Situations of Two-way Interpretation. Interpretation Pitfalls and Traps – How to Avoid Them
- •The Brain’s Response to Nicotine
- •The Braine Response to Methamphetamine
- •Why I am a Pilot
- •Topic 14: characteristic peculiarities of professional interpretation
- •14.1. Intellectual Requirements
- •14.2. Requirements to Interpretation Adequacy
- •14.3. Memory and Interpretation
- •Organic farming takes root in countryside as people seek healthier food alternatives
- •Topic 15: analysis and synthesis during
- •Interpretation process
- •15.1. Two Stages of Interpretation Process
- •15.2. Understanding and Extraction of Meaningful Units
- •15.3. Hearing and the Types of Noises
- •15.4. Guess and Intuition
- •15.5. To See a Speaker
- •15.6. Automatism of Synthesis
- •15.7. Complicated is Simpler
- •15.8. Interpretation Typology
- •15.9. Constituents of Training Interpretation
- •15.10. Constituents of Real Interpretation and Ways of Achieving Adequacy
- •15.11. Subtypes of Professional Interpretation
- •Give English/Ukrainian interpretation on sight of the following trext: The Price of Progress
- •Give two-way interpretation of the following texts:
- •Topic 16: ability to hear as the basic requirement to understanding
- •16.1. Hearing
Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 9
|
translation unit |
одиниця перекладу |
|
focus of meaning |
центральний вузол змісту висловлювання |
|
keyword (a word which occurs in a text more often then we would expect) |
ключове слово |
|
precision lexicon |
прецизійна лексика |
|
subject field words (terms) |
слова предметної галузі (терміни) |
|
jargonisation |
жаргонізація |
|
polysemy |
полісемія, багатозначність |
|
denotatum (pl denotata) |
денотат (від лат. denotatus - позначений, визначений) - об'єкт; те, що можна назвати певним іменем |
|
computer-assisted translation (CAT) |
машинний переклад (переклад за допомогою комп'ютера) |
|
practical transcription |
практична транскрипція |
|
transliteration |
транслітерація |
|
transcoding |
транскодування |
|
loan translation |
калька,калькування |
|
descriptive translation |
описовий переклад |
|
set phrase, cliche |
усталений вираз, кліше |
|
phraseological unit (expression) |
фразеологічний вираз; фразеологічна одиниця |
|
idiom (expression, i.e. term or phrase, whose parts are fixed) |
ідіома (ідіом), ідіоматичний вираз (зворот), усталений вираз |
|
operational memory |
оперативна пам'ять |
|
absolute equivalent |
абсолютний еквівалент |
|
near equivalent |
приблизний еквівалент |
|
Analogy |
аналогія |
|
specific item of the national lexicon |
національно забарвлена лексична одиниця, лексико-семантична реалія |
|
abbreviation |
абревіатура (напр. abn для airborne – повітрянодесантний) |
|
acronym |
акронім (напр. WOMAN для World Organization of Mothers of All Nations - Всесвітня організація матерів) |
|
"misleading words" |
"оманливі слова", слова, які викликають помилкове уявлення |
|
word-for-word (word for word) translating |
дослівне відтворення (у пере-кладі) |
Questions for discussion:
-
Comment on the notion of the "focus of meaning" in oral discourse.
-
Which lexical items are considered to be subject field words in oral discourse?
-
What are the basic ways of interpreting subject field lexical items? Comment on the difference between practical transcription and transliteration, loan and descriptive translation. Suggest examples of your own.
-
What are grounds for uniting practical transcription and transliteration under one method of "transcoding"?
-
Give the definition of the set phrases (cliches) and phraseological units and comment upon their similarities and differences.
-
Describe basic ways of interpreting set phrases and phraseological units. Give examples of your own.
-
What "troubles" are connected with interpreting numerals?
-
What "troubles" do proper names and specific items of national lexicon make for interpreters? Comment upon the accepted ways of interpreting these items.
-
Comment upon the accepted ways of interpreting abbreviations, acronyms and "misleading words".
Practical assignments:
Make translation on sight of the following text: