- •Topic 8: semantic redundancy of oral messages. Interpreter's note–taking
- •8.1. Semantic Redundancy as one of the Main Properties of Oral Discourse
- •8.2. Ways of Ensuring Semantic Redundancy of Oral Messages
- •8.3. Semantic Redundancy: Recommendations for Interpreters
- •8.4. Interpreter's Note–taking
- •Basic interpetation and linguistic terms used in topic 8
- •How the Zero was Discovered
- •Legacy of death, bad health lingers from Chornobyl blast
- •Topic 9: lexical aspects of interpretation
- •9.1. The Notion of the “Focus of Meaning”
- •9.2. Subject Field Terms: Ways of Interpreting Them
- •9.3. Clichés and Idioms as an Interpretation Problem
- •9.4. “Troublemaking” Lexical Units: Numerals, Proper Names, Specific Items of the National Lexicon, Abbreviations, Acronyms and “Misleading Words”
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 9
- •Blood-sucking leeches popular for treatments
- •Topic 10: "gaps" in perception of oral discourse and ways of "filling them in" in interpreting
- •10.1. The Notion of "Gaps" in Perceiving Original Texts
- •10.2. Phonological "Gaps"
- •10.3. Lexical "Gaps"
- •10.4. Grammatical "Gaps"
- •10.5. Ways of Filling in the "Gaps" in Interpreting
- •10.6. Ways of Fighting Phonological Complications
- •Caused by Accents and Dialects
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 10
- •Topic 11: problems of translating idioms
- •11.1. Knowing Idioms is the Way to Speak Like a Native
- •11.2. Grammatical Nature of Idioms
- •11.3. Etymology of Idioms
- •11.4. How to Learn Idioms and Practice Them
- •American English Idioms
- •Tricky translations
- •In the text below you will find various word combinations using the word “job”. Their translations into Ukrainian follow in brackets:
- •Looking for a job
- •Topic 12: levels and components of interpretation. Interpreter’s challenges. Conference interpreting
- •12.1. Communication during Two-way Interpretation
- •Interpreter
- •12.2. Two Levels of Interpretation
- •12.3. Triad of Interpretation Process
- •12.4. Specifics and Situations in Interpreting Process
- •12.5. Factor of Time
- •One monument to two events: Christianization, municipal rights
- •Topic 13: precision and basis information, their distinctions and importance for interpretation adequacy
- •13.1. Constituents of Precision and Basis Information
- •13.2. Rendering pi in the Process of Interpretation
- •13.3. Undesirable Situations of Two-way Interpretation. Interpretation Pitfalls and Traps – How to Avoid Them
- •The Brain’s Response to Nicotine
- •The Braine Response to Methamphetamine
- •Why I am a Pilot
- •Topic 14: characteristic peculiarities of professional interpretation
- •14.1. Intellectual Requirements
- •14.2. Requirements to Interpretation Adequacy
- •14.3. Memory and Interpretation
- •Organic farming takes root in countryside as people seek healthier food alternatives
- •Topic 15: analysis and synthesis during
- •Interpretation process
- •15.1. Two Stages of Interpretation Process
- •15.2. Understanding and Extraction of Meaningful Units
- •15.3. Hearing and the Types of Noises
- •15.4. Guess and Intuition
- •15.5. To See a Speaker
- •15.6. Automatism of Synthesis
- •15.7. Complicated is Simpler
- •15.8. Interpretation Typology
- •15.9. Constituents of Training Interpretation
- •15.10. Constituents of Real Interpretation and Ways of Achieving Adequacy
- •15.11. Subtypes of Professional Interpretation
- •Give English/Ukrainian interpretation on sight of the following trext: The Price of Progress
- •Give two-way interpretation of the following texts:
- •Topic 16: ability to hear as the basic requirement to understanding
- •16.1. Hearing
Basic interpetation and linguistic terms used in topic 8
semantic redundancy |
семантична надмірність |
lexical cohesion |
лексична когезія |
repetition links |
зв'язки, що базуються на лексико-семантичному повторенні мовних одиниць |
interrelation links |
зв'язки, що базуються на лексико-семантичному співвідношенні мовних одиниць |
simple lexical repetition |
просте лексичне повторення |
complex lexical repetition |
складне лексичне повторення |
simple paraphrase |
проста парафраза |
complex paraphrase |
складна парафраза |
co-reference repetition |
кореферентне повторення |
substitution |
субституція, заміщення |
interpreter's note-taking (IN) |
(універсальний) перекладацький скоропис (УПС) |
precision lexicon |
прецизійна лексика (числівники, дати, відсотки, власні імена, назви тощо) |
Questions for discussion:
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Give the reasons why semantic redundancy is considered to be one of the most important properties of oral discourse.
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What are the main ways of ensuring semantic redundancy of messages?
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Comment upon the main repetition links in oral discourse.
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Comment upon the main interrelation links in oral discourse.
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How can redundant elements of oral discourse help interpreters do their job?
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Comment upon the main principles of interpreter's note-taking and the sphere of its application.
Translate the following texts on sight:
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How the Zero was Discovered
In the backwaters of time, before Hammurabi compiled his Code or Akhenaton renounced the Ruling Lord of Thebes, in a region known for its heat and abundance of humankind, a man whose name perhaps will never be pronounced was working hard and long upon a treatise that had come to him from Mesopotamia.
The man was weary from long hours of concentration. The curious numeration of the Sumerians, cuneiform in construction, was uncommonly hard to decipher; it had taken its toll. He put down his dustboard and repaired to the shade of a mustard tree for a short nap. Sleep came grudgingly; this was not unusual for an old man. Yet it was during this fitful sleep that he dreamt a dream.
In this dream he saw what no man had seen before. It appeared to him as the Eye of God. And this was possessed of a voice, in that it spoke to him:
"I am Nothingness. I can be united to something and only that something remains. I can be taken away in like manner. I am Void, yet, if something is multiplied or divided by Myself, only I shall remain.
In time, learned men will come to say that the Earth, itself, revolves upon Me. I am Emptiness. I will be worshipped as a secret symbol. My name will be whispered and uttered only in select company and darkened rooms.
I am Nothing, it is true, but I am also the steppingstone to the stars and the key to the secrets of the atom. I shall be called an Integer and described as Real. I am Rational. And, most importantly, I am Good."
Upon awakening, the unknown Hindu set down his dust board and drew upon it the Eye of God.
Thus did the Zero intrude itself upon the Universe.