1. The Vinnitsa National Technical University is one of the schools of higher education in our country.

2. It was founded in 1960 as a general technical department and then it was a branch of the Kiev Polytechnic Institute.

3. In 1974 it became the independent Vinnitsa Polytechnic Institute.

4. In 1995 it became the Vinnitsa Technical University. Today it is the National Technical University and it has a student body about 8000 persons.

5. Our University trains engineers in 13 technical specialties for various branches of industry.

6. There are 7 institutes at our University. Each institute has two faculties and chairs. A Director heads each institute, a dean heads each faculty .

7. There are many chairs in various specialties in our University.

8. The University is ruled by Rector and his deputies.

9. The course of tuition at the University lasts for 5 years.

10. Each academic year has 3 terms.

11. The 5 year period of studies is divided into 2 parts.

12. Specialization begins in the third year.

13. The five-year students have their pre-diploma industrial practice at enterprises (plants and factories).

14. They also work on their graduation papers and get ready to defend them.

15. Many students of the University take an active part in the social life of the University.

6. Great britain

1. Another official name of the country is the United Kingdom (U.K. for short).

2. Great Britain is situated on the British Isles.

3. It consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

4. Administratively Great Britain is divided into 55 counties (графства).

5. More than 56 million people live in Great Britain.

6. The climate of Great Britain is mild, not very cold in winter and never hot in summer.

7. The rivers do not freeze in winter.

8. Snow never lies on the ground for a long time.

9. The mild and damp climate is very good for agriculture.

10. There are many rivers in Great Britain, but they are not long.

11. Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Irish Sea.

12. The mountains in Great Britain are not high. The highest mountain in the Grampians is Ben Nevis.

13. The Language spoken is English, but Welshmen, Scotchmen and Irishmen speak their own languages in addition to English.

14. The United Kingdom is a highly developed industrial country.

15. The largest industrial cities are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Manchester, Newcastle and Sheffield. London is the capital of Great Britain.

16. Now some words about the social system of Great Britain.

17. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy.

18. The Queen (or the King) is the formal head of the Government.

19. The country is ruled by the Parliament.

20. It consists of the House of Commons and House of Lords.

21. The Prime Minister is the real head of the Government.

22. In Great Britain there are 3 main political parties: Conservative, Labor and Liberal.

7. Історія, культура, традиції Великої Британії.

1. Great Britain like any country has a long history which reflects different stages of its historical development, numerous periods of its prosperity and decay. 2. Great Britain and Northern part of Ireland form the United Kingdom of Great Britain. 3. England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland were once separate kingdoms. 4. The United Kingdom appeared only in the 17^th century after centuries of wars and struggle. 5. As a result of these wars North Ireland became the first colony of Great Britain. 6. The history of North Ireland has been and still is the history of hard struggle of the Irish people for national freedom. 7. From the early times the English monarchs were waging century wars of conquest on the Wales, the Scots and the Irish for the unification with these countries. 8. They were originally separate and independent kingdoms. 9. Wales was won by military force long ago. 10. Scotland after centuries of bloodshed conflicts was united to England dynastically and peacefully. 11. Ireland was both conquered and colonized with expropriation and colonization. 12. The complete political union - the United Kingdom of Great Britain - was at last archived in 1801. 13. By the 18^th century England had become a great Sea Power, which opened potentialities of exploration and trade. 14. Later on the English love of exploration and trade developed into colonization and slave trade. 15. The British Empire was being built for three centuries. 16. But it collapsed in some 20 years after the Second World War. 17. All the colonies of Great Britain became free and independent states. 18. Great Britain is a cultural country. 19. It has original culture and arts. 20. Great Britain gave the world many brilliant names in literature and culture. 21. The literature of Great Britain is known for its rich and ancient traditions. 22. The names of Shakespeare, Swift, Byron, Dickens, Defoe, Walter Scott, Agatha Christie, Kipling, Robert Burns and many other names are dear to all those who love literature. 23. Their names are known in the whole world. 24. Great Britain like other countries has many different traditions and customs. 25. The English are a nation of stay-at-homes. 26. The Englishman says "My house is my castle". 27. The English people prefer small houses with a fire place. 28. The love of gardens is deep-rooted in the British people. 29. They like their gardens and speak about them with great pleasure. 30. The British like growing plants in a window box outside the kitchen or in the garden near the house. 31. They love flowers very much. 32. Britain is a nation of animal-lovers. 33. They have about 5 million dogs, almost as many cats, 3 million parrots and other cage birds, aquarium fish and 1 million exotic pets such as reptiles. 34. In Britain they have special shops selling food, clothes and other things for dogs. 35. In Britain pets can send Christmas cards to their friends, birthday cards. 36. There are special animal hotels at the airports. 37. The English people believe that they are the only nation on the earth that is really kind to its animals. 38. The English are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. 39. All English people celebrate Christmas on the 25^th of December. 40. It's the most beautiful time of the year — the time of love, joy, hopes. 41. Christmas Day is the birthday of Christ and it is a family holiday. 42. It is the time when all the family gets together round the Christmas tree decorated with toys and sweets. 43. Little children believe that when they are asleep Santa Claus comes with a big bag of toys. 44. They often hang up large stockings for the presents. 45. All families have Christmas dinners. 46. They eat traditional dishes - turkey, duck and pudding. 47. There is a pleasant custom to send cards and letters with the words: "Merry Christmas". 48. There are some traditions on New Year's Day. 49. One of them is the old First Footing. 50. The first man to come into the house is very important. 51. The Englishmen believe that he brings luck. 52. This man (not woman) must be healthy, young, pretty-looking. 53. He brings presents - bread, a piece of coal or coin. 54. These are only some of the traditions and customs existing in Great Britain. 55. There are so many traditions and customs in this country that it is impossible to mention all of them.