8.Видатні діячі науки та культури Великої Британії.

1. The United Kingdom is a great country with a rich history, traditions and customs. 2. It gave the world many talented people in different spheres: literature, art, music, sport, science. 3. Isaac Newton is a famous mathematician who worked out a basic formula which we call the binominal theorem now. 4. He was also the discoverer of the Law of Gravitation. 5. Henry Bessemer is one of the greatest inventors of the 19^th century. 6. He invented the new process of steel production, the so called Bessemer process. 7. Joseph John Thomson is a discoverer of the electron. 8. The discovery of the electron and the investigation into its nature which followed, led to a revolution in physical science. 9. Michael Faraday founded the theory of electric and magnetic fields. 10. He also discovered benzene. 11. Michael Faraday, one of the greatest scientists of Great Britain and of the world, spent long weeks and months studying electricity and at last he saw that electricity could be made by machine. 12. As for James Cook he was a famous navigator and discovered many new lands. 13. English writers stand high in world literature. 14. The names of Shakespeare, Byron, Dickens, Bernard Shaw, Agatha Christie, Robert Burns, Daniel Defoe, and Walter Scott are known in the whole world. 15. Their works are translated into many languages of the world. 16. The best works of English writers and poets are and will always be a great school of life for those who read them. 17. Christopher Wren is a well-known English architect. 18. He designed many palaces, fine houses, beautiful churches including St. Paul's Cathedral. 19. John Constable was a famous English painter. 20. He made a whole gallery of portraits of the most famous people of his time - writers, scientists and actors. 21. These and many other English writers, poets, artists, scientists and inventors made a great contribution to world culture and science.

9. The USA

1. The USA is one of the largest countries in the world.

2. It is almost 3 thousand miles across from the north to the south.

3. The USA is washed by the Pacific ocean in the west and the Atlantic ocean in the east.

4. The Mississippi with the Missouri is one of the longest rivers in the world.

5. The USA consists of 50 states and is situated in the North American Continent.

6. The population equals 200 million people.

7. The climate of the country differs from east to west.

8. The coldest climate is in the North with its snowy and cold winters.

9. It becomes warmer in the south where it is subtropical.

10. Americans most are of English, German and French origin.

11. There are many big cities and towns in the country.

12. New York is one of the largest cities in the world.

13. Other big cities are San Francisco, Washington, Chicago, Los Angeles and Detroit.

14. Washington is the capital of the country.

15. The USA has very powerful industries, advanced technology and science.

16. Electronic and electric engineering, transport, communication and machine tool industries are highly developed there.

17. The USA is a federal republic.

18. The government of the country is composed of 3 branches - executive, legislative and judicial.

19. The legislative power in the USA belongs to the Congress which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

20. The head of the executive power is the President.

21. The president is elected for a four-year term.

22. There are 2 main parties in the USA: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.