3. Новые значения глагола to take

It takes only an hour to fly there. Полет (букв. долететь) туда отнимает только час.

Это значение проявляется, если после to take идет указание на период времени, а за ним название действия в неопределенной форме. Конструкция может быть расширена указанием на лицо, которому требуется столько-то времени для совершения действия:

It took him twenty minutes to get there. Ему понадобилось двад­цать минут, чтобы туда добраться.

А вот и еще одно значение:

Не took a guided tour of Moscow. Он съездил (сходил) на экскур­сию с гидом по Москве.

4. Many, much и a lot of

Все эти слова обозначают много, но many употребляется перед исчисляемыми существительными, a much перед неисчисляемыми: many trains - много поездов, но much money - много денег.

Для a lot of этого различия нет: a lot of trains... a lot of money...

Речевые формулы

CONVERSATIONAL FORMULAS ADVICE Why don't you...? (If I were you) I'd ... (I think) you should ... (I think) you'd better ... I advise you to ... You must ... (If I were you) I wouldn't … I don't think you should ... I advise you not to ... Don't ... "

РЕЧЕВОЙ ЭТИКЕТ СОВЕТЫ Почему бы вам не ... (На вашем месте) я бы ... (Мне кажется) вам следует… (Мне кажется) вам лучше ... Я вам советую ... Вы должны ... (На вашем месте) я бы не… Думаю, вам не следует ... Не советую вам ... Не нужно ...

***

NECESSITY LIKELY REACTIONS	НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ ОТВЕТЫ
Do I need to...? Need I...?	Мне обязательно...?
Is it necessary (for me) to	Необходимо ли мне...?
Must I...? Do I have to...?	Должен ли я...?
Yes, you do, have, must.	Да
No, you don't	Нет
You needn't (do that).	Не надо
No, it isn't (necessary).	Не обязательно

Лексико-грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. How long does it take to fly to Moscow?

2. Why does Victor like to go to Moscow by train?

3. What did Richard see in Moscow?

4. Did Richard like Moscow better than Petersburg?

Упражнение 2. Прочтите следующие группы глаголов. В сле-дующих предложениях эти глаголы в прошедшем времени. Обра-тите внимание на то, что в каждой из этих групп суффикс прошедшего времени «ed» произ­носится по-разному: [d], [t], [id].

to arrive — arrived

to agree — agreed

to answer — answered [d]

to admire — admired

to show — showed

Образец: The Red Arrow ... (to arrive) in the morning.

The Red Arrow arrived in the morning.

1. The Red Arrow ... (to arrive) in the morning.

2. I ... (to agree) to meet him at the station.

3. They ... (to answer) our questions about the city.

4. He ... (to live) in Leningrad.

5. She ... (to show) us the sights of the city.

_________________________________________

to like — liked

to ask — asked

to help — helped [t]

to walk — walked

to impress — impressed

1. Rich ... (to like) Leningrad.

2. He ... (to ask) a lot of questions about the city.

3. Lucy ... (to help) Vic to learn English.

4. They ... (to walk) from the hotel to the office.

5. St. Isaac's ... (to impress) Rich.

to visit — visited

to start — started

to want — wanted [id]

to board — boarded

to waste — wasted

1. Rich ... (to visit) my office last week.

2. We ... (to start) our walk near the Astoria.

3. Rich ... (to want) to fly to Moscow

4. He ... (to board) the Red Arrow on time.

5. When I was in Moscow, I ... (to waste) a lot of time.

Упражнение 3. А теперь прочтите список неправильных глаголов. Вы­учите их формы наизусть и употребите в следующих высказываниях. Все эти события происходили в про­шлом

to be — was, were

to have — had

to come — came

to go — went

to take — took

to see — saw

to fly — flew

to think — thought

to find — found

to meet — met

to feel — felt

1. Yesterday I ... (to have) a problem.

2. I ... (to go) to the office by metro. I ... (to meet) a friend there. He ... (to have) four suite; I ... (to take) two suitcases from him and helped him.

3. Every minute I ... (to think) about my work.

4. I ... (to feel) sorry, when I (to come) late to the office.

5. My boss ... (to see) me and asked many questions.

6. He ... (to be) angry with me, of course.

Упражнение 4. Выберите слова, подходящие по смыслу, и прочитайте предложения полностью. Выучите эти слова.

1. Frank was very... . Не couldn't call Andrew.

2. Jane was... . She took my sweater.

3. Bill was... . He took a taxi.

4. Vic was... . He took some Pepsi.

5. Dad was... . He couldn't tell me why.

Thirsty — хотел пить

Tired — устал

Cold — замерз

Angry — сердился

Late — опоздал

Упражнение 5. Используйте глаголы felt (почувствовал) и looked (выглядел) вместо глагола was.

Образец: Frank was tired. Frank felt tired. Frank looks tired.

1. Frank was tired —...

2. Jane was cold —...

3. Bill was sorry —...

4. Vic was hungry —...

5. Dad was angry —...

Упражнение 6. B предложениях со словом because (потому что) объясняется, почему эти люди так выглядели или так себя чувствовали. Прочтите их.

1. Frank looked tired because he worked too much.

2. Jane felt cold because she had no jacket.

3. Bill was sorry because he was late.

4. Vic felt thirsty because it was hot.

5. Dad looked angry because he didn't like the question.

Упражнение 7. Билл приезжает в Петербург. Он прислал программу первого дня своего пребывания в Петербурге.

March 12, Monday — New York plane to Petersburg.

11.30 —Arrival at the hotel.

15.00 — Meeting at the office of «Petram» joint venture.

18.00 — Dinner at the hotel restaurant.

19.30 —A visit to the Kirov ballet.

Упражнение 8. Поставьте карандашом плюс или минус напротив правильных или неправильных утверждений.

— Bill arrived in Leningrad by train from Moscow.

— Bill arrived by plane from New York.

— Bill went to the office at once.

— Bill went to the hotel at once.

— Bill came to Leningrad on business.

— Bill came to Leningrad on a tour.

— Bill had dinner at 5 p. m.

— Bill had dinner at 6 p. m.

— Bill visited a drama theater.

— Bill visited a ballet.

Упражнение 9. Умеете ли вы спрашивать о действиях в прошедшем времени? Вставьте в пропуски нужные слова.

1. Did Bill ... in Petersburg by train?

2. Did ...... to the office at once?

3. ... Bill comes to Petersburg on a tour?

4. Did ...... dinner at the hotel?

5. ... go to the Kirov ballet?

6. ... Bill ... to the drama theater?

Упражнение 10. Теперь воспользуйтесь вопросительными словами, употребив их перед «did». Это — специальные вопросы.

1. How? — Как?

... did Bill come to Petersburg? He came to Petersburg by... .

2. Where? — где? куда? откуда?

... did he go from the airport?

He went to the... .

... did he stay?

He stayed at the... .

... did he come from?

He came from... .

3. When? — когда?

...did he arrive?

He arrived in the... .

4. What? - Что?

... did he visit in the evening?

He visited the... .

Упражнение 11. Выскажите несколько советов своему собеседнику, используя образец.

Образец: I want to see a ballet. (The Kirov Theater)

You should go to the Kirov Theater.

1. I want to see the Russian icons. (The Russian Museum)

2. I want a ticket to Moscow. (The Moscow Railway Station)

3. I want to buy souvenirs. (Nevsky Prospect)

Образец: I want to get to the office on time. (Take a taxi)

You'd better take a taxi.

1. I don't know how to get to my hotel.

2. I'm afraid of getting lost.

3. I want to stay at the Astoria.

(ask a militiaman, make a reservation, wait for me)

Упражнение 13. Посоветуйте собеседнику не делать следую-щего. Не забудьте указать причину, данную в скобках во второй части упражнения.

Образец: I smoke. (smoke)

I don't think you should smoke.

I'm going to buy a watch. (buy this watch)

I want to talk to that man. (talk to that man)

I'm afraid to be late. (walk there)

Образец: I want another ice-cream.

(Eat so much ice-cream cream.)

(You may get sick).

You'd better not eat so much ice-cream.

I want to go to Pushkin on Sunday.

(Go there on weekend)

(It's crowded).

I am hot.

(Close the window)

(It's cold outside).

Упражнение 14. Дайте несколько советов вашему другу. Используйте различные выражения, данные в этом уроке.

I am going to a party. It begins at 7 o'clock.

• What dress should I put on?

• If I … … I … put on dress.

• What should I wear?

• If I … … I … wear the red tie.

• What present should I buy?

• You'd … buy a book and some flowers.

• When should I leave the hotel?

• I … you to leave at 6.30.

• Should I take a bus?

• No, I don't think you take a bus. You'd … take a taxi. It is very far.

Упражнение 15. Ваш друг едет в Таллинн. Дайте ему несколько советов, отвечая на его вопросы, приведенные ниже, стараясь использовать новые выражения.How should I travel?

What should I wear?

What should I take with me?

Where should I stay?

What should I see there?

Where should I eat?

What should I buy?

When should I come back?

Упражнение 16. Дайте несколько советов иностранному гостю, приехавшему в Петербург.

This is my first visit to Petersburg.

What do you suggest I see here?

Which is the best hotel? ...

Упражнение 17. Составьте диалоги в соответствии с дан-ным образцом.

Образец: Do I need to fill out the form? (Заполнить бланк).

Yes, you do. You must fill out this form.

• To fill out the form

• To write my name

• To give my address

• To sign the form

• To send a telegram

Упражнение 18. Собеседник спрашивает вас, обязательно ли ему это делать. Ответьте утвердительно, используя также приведенные аргументы.

Образец: ... They are waiting for it/ to make a report.

— Do I have to make a report?

• Yes, I think you do. You should make it. They are waiting for it.

…The boss wants to see them. …It is difficult to get them. …He wants to discuss the problem. …He wants to ask you a few questions

to get the documents to reserve tickets to talk to your boss (about the problem) to discuss the situation with him.

Упражнение 19. Теперь скажите, что вашему собеседнику это делать не обязательно

Образец: Do I have to bring my papers with me?

• No, you don't.

• Sign the documents

• Write a letter to Moscow

• Call the boss (about it)

• Discuss such problems with them

Упражнение 20. А здесь ответьте отрицательно, используя также при­веденные аргументы.

Образец: — Should I do it now?

— No, you don't have to. You can do it tomorrow.

......She can phone you (when she comes). ......They all understand English. ......You can come later. ......There is still a lot of time left.

wait for her here translate the report be at the office at 10 work on Sunday

UNIT 6

Welcome to America!

While we were approaching New York I saw a flight attendant with some papers. She was walking down the aisle and giving the papers to the passengers. She was also asking them something. As she came closer I could hear her question: «Are you a U. S. citizen?» She didn't give anything to those who said yes. She didn't ask me about my nationality. She just asked me to fill out the form. What was the matter? Didn't I look like an American?

I looked at the paper. It was an I—94 form. It took me five minutes to fill it out. The man who was sitting next to me couldn't write English, so I helped him with his form. Would you like to have a look at an I—94 form? I'll show you one later.

As I was filling out my neighbor's form the plane landed at JFK International Airport. I went to the Immigration counter. The inspector checked my visa, wrote something on my I—94 and stapled it to my passport. «Welcome to America, Mr. Kuznetsov», he said. «Thank you. Call me Smith», I told him. «Why Smith?» «Because that's what my family name means in English», I answered and went to get my baggage from the baggage claim area.

Anything to declare?

Then I went to Customs. I had to fill out another form. I'll show you what it looks like later. The customs officer asked me: «Anything to declare?» «Excuse me?» «Do you have anything to declare? Do you understand English?» «Yes, I do. But I don't understand American English very well yet».

He didn't ask me to open my bags. He just asked me a few questions. Did I have anything to declare? I said no. Any foodstuffs? I had some cans. He said canned food was okay. Did I have any fresh or frozen food? No, I didn't. Any gifts? No, just a few souvenirs. Did I have five thousand dollars or more in any currency? Certainly not! I had absolutely nothing to declare and the officer finally let me go.

Dialogues

Victor is on the plane. He's flying to New York.

— Pardon me. Who's sitting next to you?

— A man was sitting here.

— Where's he now? We are landing soon.

— I guess he went away while I was reading. I was trying to get some rest when you came up.

— I think every passenger is trying to relax on the plane.

— But not my neighbor. Oh, here he is.

—Sit down, sir. We are landing soon. Before landing each passen­ger has to fill out an I—94.

— How do you do it?

— It's easy. Please don't write with a pencil.

— Pardon?

— You mustn't use a pencil. And you must print.

— Print? What do you mean?

— You must use printed letters.

— I've never done it before, but I'll do my best. Who do I give the form to?

— After landing you go to Immigration Service. They check your passport and your I—94.

— And what about my luggage?

• You get your luggage and go to the Customs desk. You go there after Immigration.

• Thanks for the information.

— Can you make any suggestions concerning the plans?	— Yes, I think so.
— Richard Johnson may in­vite me to the States this summer.	— That's possible.
— He would like me to visit his company, I guess.	— Possibly.
— He’s interested in setting up a joint venture.	— That's very likely.
— His partner may be willing to come to Leningrad.	— Maybe.
— Do you think we might invite him to come in the fall?	— Perhaps.
— He could come for the international conference.	— It could happen.

***

— I want the report to be ready by Monday. — You should work on it over the weekend.

— I couldn't possibly do it by Monday. — That’s impossible. I'm going to the country with my family

***

— Are you going to be gone long?	— Possibly.
— Will you write to me?	— Perhaps.
— Will you call me?	— No, I won't be able to. There's no telephone there.
— Maybe you will come here for my birthday?	— I might.
— Are you going to invite David to the party?	— Maybe.
— And his wife?	— No, my wife doesn't get along with her. (He ладит с ней).
— She may get to like her.

***

— Will you be able to visit New York? — Will they come to meet you at the airport? — The weather is going to be much warmer in Washington. — They are going to discuss their future plans with you, aren't they? — Is Mr. Carter going to bring his wife with him? — Are they going to send the documents to us? — Does Mr. Carter's wife speak English? — Is your boss going to visit the States this year? — Did she take you for an American? — He is probably too busy to come to the airport? — He will probably send somebody to meet you, if he is busy. — It is not very likely that Richard has forgotten about my arrival. — Yes, I think so. There is somebody waving to you. It is probably some friend. — Yes, I think so. It's likely that he has come to meet you. — Where is Mr. Kuznetsov? — Has he agreed to visit the factory on Monday? — Is it likely that he will sign an agreement there?

— Probably. — Very likely. — I think so. — I expect so. — Probably not. — That's not likely. — I don't think so. — I don't expect so. — I doubt it. — I don't think so. — Yes, it's very likely. — I doubt it. He may simply be late. — Yes, it must be Frank. — I doubt it. He is probably meeting some American friend, not me. — He is probably at the post-office. He may be sending a telegram to his wife. — I expect so. — I doubt it. He will probably have to consult his boss.