19.8 Инфинитив (The Infinitive)

Инфинитив – наличная форма глагола, представляющая собой основу глагола, которой обычно предшествует частица to

Функции инфинитива.

To work with computer was new to many of us. (в функции подлежащего)

Our aim is to translate these articles without a dictionary. (в функции именной части сказуемого)

To translate such an article without a dictionary you must know English well. (в функции обстоятельства цели)

I’m glad to have spoken to our teacher about my work. (в функции дополнения)

He was the first to come. (в функции определения)

Translate into Russian paying attention to the functions of the infinitive.

1. The aim of geography is to study the earth in its relation to man. 2. This group of students want to observe pressure and wind irregularity of the area. 3. Many theories to explain the origin of the continents have been put forth. 4. To explore the North the prospectors used airplanes. 5. The prospectors used airplanes to explore the North. 6. Geology attempts to interpret the earth in the light of knowledge of chemistry, physics, astronomy and other sciences. 7. The Dutch were the first Europeans to visit Australia.

19.9 Субъектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Subject)

Субъектный инфинитивный оборот – это конструкция, выраженная существительным в общем падеже или местоимением в именительном падеже с инфинитивом.

Asia is known to be four times the size of Europe.

Translate into Russian pointing out the Subjective Infinitive Constructions

1. The air is known to extend about 200 miles above the earth. 2. All glaciers around the Northern Atlantic coast are reported to be shrinking. 3. The surface of the sun is estimated to have a temperature of more than 10.000 °F. 4. Changes in atmosphere pressure appear to have some effect on animals. 5. Greater solar activity seems to produce lower earth temperatures. 6. The importance of radiation in the ablation process seems to increase with decreasing latitude. 7. Heat and cold are believed to be distributed by ocean currents over thousands of miles.

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8. Volcanic actions are known to cause great distractions especially in the near-by areas. 9. This discovery is considered to be of great importance to geographers.

19.10 Объектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Object)

Объектный инфинитивный оборот – это сочетание имени существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в объектном падеже с инфинитивом.

Gravitation makes water run down a hill.

Translate into Russian pointing out the Objective Infinitive Constructions

1. We know the earth’s crust to be constantly changing. 2. The teacher wanted the students to make this experiment at once. 3. The students expected him to explain them different hypotheses of the earth’s early history. 4. Cooling causes the surface layers of the rocks to contact. 5. Subtropical climate enables the farmers to grow two crops each year. 6. Moulten and Chamberlain believed the earth and other planets to have come originally from the sun.