19.4 Страдательный залог (Passive Voice)

Страдательный залог показывает, что предмет или лицо, являющееся подлежащим, подвергается действию, а не само его совершает.

Таблица 4 – Времена Indefinite, Continuous и Perfect Passive

Время	Present	Past	Future
Indefinite	The letter is written	The letter was written	The letter will be written
Continuous	The letter is being written	The letter was being written all day	-
Perfect	The letter has been written	The letter had been written by yesterday evening	The letter will have been written by tomorrow evening

Translate into Russian paying attention to Passive Voice

1. 1. England is separated from Scotland by the Cheviot Hills, running from east to west. 2. The famous Egyptian pyramids at Giza were being built for more then forty years. 3. Coal, oil, peat, etc., were all formed as the result of evolution. 4. Since primitive ages, men have been fascinated by the sun, the moon, stars and their ceaseless movements. 5. India is bordered on the North by China and Nepal, on the east by Bangladesh and Burma, on the north-west by Pakistan and Afghanistan. 6. Ptolemy’s conception of the universe was built around the notion that the earth

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1. was a fixed, inert immovable mass, located at the center of the universe, and all celestial bodies, including the sun and the stars, revolved around it. 7. Weather changes are often caused by cyclones and anticyclones. 8. Australia as a landmass has been isolated from the rest of the world for million years and has animals and plants found nowhere else.

19.5 Причастие (The Participle)

Причастие – неличная форма глагола, в которой сочетаются признаки прилагательного или наречия с признаками глагола.

Таблица 5

Participle I				Participle II
Indefinite	Active		Passive		changed
changing			being changed
Perfect		having changed		having been changed

Translate into Russian paying attention to different forms of the Participle used as attributes

1. 1. The moving wall of ice changes everything in its path. 2. Precipitation totalling more than 20 inches annually occurs mainly in the winter months in the Crimea. 3. Metamorphic rocks are the changed products of igneous or sedimentary rocks or other metamorphic rocks. 4. It has long been known that Venus has an atmosphere, a solid layer of clouds concealing its surface.5. The atmosphere maintains a state of approximate balance whereby the amount of heat given off by radiation is about equal to the amount received. 6. He spoke about the experiments being carried on at the polar stations. 7. The polar station being built on the island is of great importance.

Translate into Russian paying attention to different forms of the Participle used as adverbial modifier

1. 1. Making its way down the valley, the river cuts through rocks of different resistance. 2. Beginning in Asia Minor, a chain of mountains runs eastward to northwestern India.3. Writing his thesis on the exploration of Siberia he used the material of many expeditions. 4. Korea is rich in minerals including iron, coal, copper and silver. 5. Situated on a narrow strip of land between the mountains and the sea, Rio de Janerio has one of the world’s finest harbours. 6. Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape. 7. Being situated on the south-western section of the sea, the Murman coast is ice-free throughout the year. 8. Being

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1. drained by five rivers the soil of the Ukraine is very fertile. 9. Having reached the depth of 15,000 feet we began to examine the drill cuttings.